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1~2 

ˡ 

Ǿ޺ѪǼĳ档ǱԴŮǱźڽҵرܣûõģҲӲˡ 

Ϊսˡ 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

[£ĸء] 

׻عͷһϥŮ١һ򾲵ͬǰͭŮ٣£Ҳ΢΢԰ 

[ŻҪһŻᵽɣ֮ǰż] 

׾ǰ곤˶ʮŮˣͬʱҲǰοԼ 

ܹϸؿľɫվĵط߸ߵĻǽڽӽƽߵĵطһѵ갺ӡұģҲΪ갶 

ϲģʱ򣬴ԿϦӣһ㵭ıһ˸˸ѣ⡣ߵЩľȻܱǵģȴܹڻƻķҡĿɰ̬ζǺεȵ̲ݣͷïʢҶ־ܹĹʵ 

ϧûĻˡһܹվԶϣĻԶؿԺʶ 

׸Ůٴ͢ע⵽ΧЩ̵ı飬Ƶ񣬻Ǵܹʱ򼱴ٵĽŲ 

ҵϸֹ˵ľٶģҪǵ̬Ӧðţƶʱӯ[ҪһѣӬƵҷɡ] 

ڣԵģֵĹѾδ˵Ļ̬̿ЩŮܹʱȻϥҲ䡣 

[̫ûˣʲôӡ]Ů˵仰ʱǱúܽƽһغ߳ˡ׵ǺЩ˵ʧ̬ǻбȫϣϣֲȫաδ֪־壬־ɢ˵˼άжҲͻˡǱϾϣ 

[侷ˣǷǳʱڣͲô˰ɡ]˵ŮĬĬǷһȴֱִͦ˾ 



ڹ̨ǰֳʽĳƺΪ[칫]ġһλŮƮƮعﻹµĹ[]ǵߣϵĲŻòɫܶ˶Ϊ[֮]֮£Ӽ׳˱һСԵôһ⣬ֻ˵ͨ 

Ṳֵ̊ԺȫȥˣɫĴҲصغ£ΨϦӵ©ŹﻪׯȴľͭԼ﷭ϸСߴĿռü׾ԼôСеļžôϢѹ֡ 

ǳĵط価еĵܯϣһͭΣ갵ŮҲǵͼ׵ĸס 

ŮĴǳʽɫۣؿںڶаͼɫĵɴ·ֻеʹʱŻᴩš 

Ůɫǲ԰׵ģްĵɫصӳ£ֲ԰˵սľ 

ȻŮģ򶨡 

úֱ°΢΢켺ݲƵúΨüǣֱһ 

ͼһȥ˫Ҿͷͷذ壬[ݼŮףŮ̩] 

[ףҸǰ] 

ѰģŮûа涨̧׼ǰ 

ϵܯھĵط׼¹¡ 

Ůֹ 

ָ׵Ķʣڼ׹ȥʮһĸΨһһζչĸӼӦе顣 

[ף]˵[Ҫλ㡣] 

һԾɷĵ졣 

ŮûиڵĻᣬĿӴǰ켺Ƶ͸һֱڵȥ[һ©ʱǰѾʧأʿײĴšûжʱˣ㻹ԥʲôĪǡ]Ůü[Īǣ㲻ҵһ֮ô] 

[]һŮ˦һذףڼ׵Ľǰ[ûŵĻھԲѳ] 

ѩһˮһʯשϣӳһŻںӵ̴ãȻʧ룬ΡָϽ֯ôվֻǸʮһĺӰǼ׻ǹȥ˫֣ƽƽͷţŮһ˲鴤һ£ȻһһӲĶ 

ԭǵĸо 

 

[죬Ҳ] 

Ůˣͬ˵ʱһ簮ӵĸ׶һλҵľ 

[죬Ұλ˼ף] 

վһߣصÿҪѹ˵ȴһ 

ԸҪʲգϲǲҪˡԸЩȥĸغһǵһͷ佱һдúû⡣ 

ĸ׵΢ЦֻŵһˣͲ[᲻ң] 

˼䣬õʵ˵[ӱλܵʴϻۣ֮λܴõġӻϲôĸأ] 

ŮƺЦһ£Ħųӵգ૵ص[ǰҵĵ뵱һּҵġ]Ļ;۶ĿУٿʱŮñˡ 

[죬Ȼ갵ϣѾȫ˼ףΪ갵ĳӣҲ㵱κ񡣼׵СԺֿʱΨһˣԣҪ㾡ȫʲôİ취㶼˼׵죬ģӦҵҪ󡣴ӽ󣬼ײĵܵܣΨһľ] 

׵۽һŮĻһЩסΪʲô콫ԼΨһˣôŮأѵŮѾǰһ֤ԼĲ롣ŮһƳĽű޷ǰŲһһ 

Щɻؿһۡһĸͬĵ̫ܵܲ׽һ䵭мߣйص⣬ҲҲһŶĮģԸľȺö飬Ҳûºѵֵܹܣ໥һͷ˴˴߹ҵλʹѪԵĮӼ乴ĶǱ˴Ƶ¶ˣķõġ˵׼λǹţӶӲȴҪ֣µķģҪָ١һ߾㶪Ҳᱳٵġ͸ŹŹ֡ 

ȻŹأŮľҲĸס붼ûҪ 

ǵָ粣һġΥ֮ԣͬһɻ 



3 

ŮϻǿؿڵһйˡӰײεķϣ˵һſһš 

ֵŵûɢǰȥһŮҰֽϳѪۼûˡ 

[֮ǰҾѾˡҲܡ֡ȡ] 

Ů˿˵ֻ۾ðѪĿɢȻѾʲôˡȻ̧׼ȷҵ˵죺[ĶԲ㡭ġӡҪԹġ] 

ҡͷŮ§Լ 

ããȻ̱Աߣȴһᶼ 

Ůһֻץס˼׵ƺָҪݽƤȥһ 

[סҪ㡭һѡ¶𡭡] 

׻ޣԼſȴʲôҡҡλΣȻһʹȥ 

ͬʱĴ[]رײˡ 

ʿӿλεĵǹꪸƽ˼ɭȻ⡣ڵܯǰгһԲеıȫָǰˡ 

ŮѾ彥ڱ䡣εԱߣһһֱԼĸףһץ٣档 

ֽʱľôֵľ档 

[ô£] 

һĨŷżսʱϽѪһ߶ŵܯϻ򵹻ü 

[ǰôỹлˣ] 

СԵ͸ŷ̵ζ 

ˣôĵӡ 

ֲת̤Ŀ꣬˺ߣ[̫ˡ] 

[˵ҲҪԼĶ֡]ʾص˻ȥ[սĹūѵصȽϣ絽ûʱı˵һɣ] 

УƢӳǰӽˣ˲ģҲֻԭˡ 

˦ſ䣬ľ죬̤̤Խˣϵܯԭݵ̧°ͣϸֳüëһڣ[ġ] 

췭۾Цһ£ſھָҧȥԭķӦҲǼģһһƾ˦ڵϣȴЦ[ô𱬵ƢǼλһԡ] 

Ȼٲȥڶۣȥڵϵļס 

ַ׵Ƥ˿ԭ۾ݶ˰Ȼվ[СӣװʲôΪͿƭ]˵̧ž׼ˡ 

Żûȥ۽ƳһĨתҲսżʱֺͷѾ˵ټˡ 

ŸղŮڵҪԲõǱذףڼǰüĿضԭ[˭ҶҵܵܣҾɱ˭] 

[벻ԭҲбвʱ] 

ܯ£ĳ˲֪ЦЦ̨ϵԭüë۵İš 

[ۡ]һ޹˼ɵĺǳشſĴЦͻأԭ[]һ²ʧϡ 

ˡ 



4 

ڵϣץűİƻҪŲӿ޵˻ߵСһ߿һ߻Ť塣ӣε֮ǰļףֱˡ 

ԭû֮ǰļף˵ 

Ǹϸˣ갹ҵŮΧµιӣһֻӣ 

ȤģҲΪвԵһǼס 

ںСʱѾ֮ͯ 

һ˵ǹڼ̿ĳ갵׼д̡ҲãȻ·ײ귽ļסĳھϣ׾Ȼûбŵþʧ룬ʹ̿ͷĿ 

[ǼŮôôӵأӼأǣȻֻƾŻ͸]һ˵һҡͷһ˼ģ[ǲ֪ҵĻôֻһֵЩʦͣửʮֵòвĲŹ֡] 

һЩ̿͸ɵۣͷĿԽÿЩݺݵץŭ[Сʲôݣ] 

[ôǼ׹ӸǰһСū] 

[ǺãһϵЩˡȥ] 

[ȰѽôҲ·һģ˵Ƽɾʹ²ˡģҲǸСӣҲ򲻹ǣҲܲǣ£γһӰˣҲü] 

һֱĻȥĴ̿ǣõ˴ǵһѵԲСǿаС 

䲻թıС˻֪ʲôء 

ԣãھɱ 

ԭشſ޵鴤ļסװƭңǺǣݼһתֿԼŵĵ졪˵Ĳʺô޳ָղһڷ 

ӾȻвңԭƲƲ죬ַĽǰһ˵ȻȻֱƵü޶ȥ 

[] 

һֹľȻ֡ԭǳˬػعͷ 

[ʲô] 

[] 

[Ҿ֪㻹ûڲ٣ҿԲСһɱԺ϶ǸȣСҪʲô] 

䲻ػͷȴطֱӦڵϿСȻԼէȻһŷŴݺҲ̶õԭҲһ 

[㡭㣬ÿ] 

֣Ц 

[С˭㣿] 

ԭͷ 

[ͷ㡣] 

[ͣҽ㣡] 

ԭߡ 

ںڵ鶨سˮѸγɾӨҺ壬ۿȥ[㣬ס] 

ԭץ[ҸСӵô£] 



5 

[ٲĻϣСӴǱ˹ȣˣ١] 

ɽ룬ҡͷ׼һƪ۵ĴͻȻӼ϶һѺ˵ĳԭźÿĺ촽Ȳ͵³֣[˵ص㡣] 

[Сӿʧˡ] 

[ܣ] 

[󡭡š] 

[Ҫ϶Ľۣ] 

[ǡˡ]ɽĨĨϵ亹벻ȥ˹˹ģٲ˾Ȼôֶֺ 

[˹ȣʧ]ԭŲּɣ[ߣСǷҲãɵҲգ֮ܶҷɱ㲻ɡ] 

[Ҫɱɱҡ] 

쵲ڼǰ棬޲ɷ 

һְֻԭļͷҲˡ 

λѾɨԭ֮ź͵켰ԭȫͬҰް㻪òֱҷһ򵥵ĶβݲסŨڴüëԼֱޣ̳Ѫͳĸ׵˫ۣһҪö࣬Ҳ͸ĵ 

˿̣˫ɫͫѾ˵죬ԵĵⲶ׽ǿ[ǣ˼] 

䲻һ֣һѽ̽ǿƵ촽׾ٵ˵۵ĴꡣһֻɶסյӿõһֹǽڶҪš˵ĴεָղסذףڵϷ졣 

Χ̨ʿԼĹ˧§һǿǣȻ۾ûգһ£ɼ˾ռ˵ġ 

ԭȻԾżף۲ķӦ 

׶[㣬~~] 

С 

[ζ]ַſ˵죬ζƵզզͷ 

һѳ䵶 

ԭһЦ 

ְ۾ڿһͷѾ˵ô 

췴ֽгԼĲĨȥһ߹ͬһ㣬ܵ裿 

ֲŲæеǳ룺[ɱҾ̻С] 

[֣] 

ԭֱ¼׵պؽ󻼡 

ֱ׼ 

[~] 

һҶļץס˺Ůʬһ[]ָعҡ 

һֲͣ¡ 

ĿתȥŮһ˫Ѫţģ飬ҪǸԡ 

ԭ˵[ʲôİ취] 

һĨ΢Ц¶ڵ촽ϣһͷİϸüң[ãֻҪŹҵܵܣ] 

Ȥ֮²֮ȻҺ 

ֿʼͷĻҪ˼öࡣ 

[ãҴӦ㡣Ҳɱޣ] 

[֡] 

[СͲҪˣа취ߡСӣƭҵ³ǱҪһ򱶵ġ] 



6 

ԭϮٲλΪֵ̫飬ټֵͷˡ 

뵱֪꣬ߵغֱ͢جΡ 

Ϊ쳣ǿƵˣ۸ʲôԸⱻԷѹԼͷϡ 

ʲôҪȡ 

Сʱ˭ԷԵñȽϿ죬Ƚ϶ࡣԴһ˭ܴö࣬׽Ū˵Ļࡣٴһ˭ʤ̴ö࣬˭µĳǳضࡣ 

ܱʲôԭûϹ䡣 

ڣòĳϣԼȷȲ֡ 

ûôӵȤζ 

Ͽһһŭ[]ĵ죬˼ӣ߿˽ȥ 

һǼϺŵƺĳλŮٵķ䡣 

Ѫ̴棬ȻⷿѾҲزˡ 

ֿɹܲЩһɨѰµĶͨͨɨߣͷһʣ档 

бʿҲ˹һϡ 

[ʲô]ֱѹ˻ȥ 

[ֻҪ]ŵ˲ѪɫʾգЦ[ʲôʧ𣿾ӦҲûӦģԲԣ] 

ҧ´ҪڼǰҰһ裬ܽܡ 

[Сǣһգһգ] 

ҡ壬ģسŶ衣ûйʵӶϵģһЦȴʲôҲûС 

Բ𣬸硣ǿĻҪ군 

ԭվڳĴǰĿⲻ뼾Ƭ̡ 

Ҫкжǿ 

ѪΪ˱Լ׼ڳ˵շתܾ衣ˣԻܲ˰ɣ 

ִɫζҲֲֻóȻȷš 

кһأܹ˵ȷȷʵʵǱ˹ȣʧ 

ߣкĻѾǵ 



걻˺ʲôӣ 

屻ţҪֳ档ζͺͬʱװպ˵̿ͽ˶ı 

һϽк[ҪֹֹһУֳѵ㾹Ŀҵĵ𣿲Ҫ] 

ǣһ˵[ֹĻֻ·һֵ㲻Ѿ˵սܹҵӵܣɫûһܴĵ㲻Ϊˣ鼱֮װ˵˲ǻȪ֮£ɭ޵ϣҪôŮοɾٶȴ޸֮ƾʲôȥˣǺʲô] 

ǰӼ[Ϊ˾ԼİôһˣѩƵף÷ƵĹ°Ծô𣿿] 

[ԼµģҪƴ۵رǾǳ豾쾭壡] 

ͷгһƬľʿһۣǻҪЦؿš 

˺˵·ЩƬƬİɫ鲯ȥʬ壬Ϣ׹䡣 

ȻǽҧŴغֲţܿ죬ͺĹˡ 

𪾧ӨӵŴ֯ӵɫϣϸܵĺˮʹǿнһĴݴµĽҺһˮ⡣ 

[ء] 

췢ϸı 

ԣھϹɣҲá 

ͿԲÿҲʹȥˡ 

[Сǣ˯컹Ҫ硭ԣԣǹԺӡ] 

ƴźļ⣬Ŭƽҳһ˿Ĳ亹סԭǶһ۾ܷ̾ 

ֳһ̣еĶڵķ򣬴ضżףҪܵľҳȫ׵ʶȥ 

ƽľǰҵĶԿҪüʹ࣬Ҫû㱵Цʹܹ࣬ڶιȥ 

⣬ԭ 



7 

ӣƺƵչһֱӰ 

ɽı߾ڣѾˡ 

׿ɬʶѾˡ 

ҡεнľɫҲڱ仯֮С 

갺ӰӶˣܶǲãĴɽԶƬ£ûĹȡ 

һ˫۾Īش 

תͷ[~~] 

ȻģΪϸĴֵָţͬһ㡣ֻ赭д˵һ䣺[ֲǴͷϵĺѵҪұ仨] 

뵱Ȼ˾ǵԭԭ 

ҪԼӼףԸҲѵСխ 

׶ٲµõ˼Ȼܡ 

ܣҲֵطȻɽܣףԼִСŶûгε﹫ӣпֽܵ־·򱻿ҪҰҧ 

οе졣 

뵽죬׵һ˳ƵͷĥƤش 

[ʹʹ] 

ʹ֣ġ 

ỬҲȥΡøлԭһԾݺˮĻᡣ 



ĽоڣĽʱ֣ǵĹӺ 

Юŵ죬нڶǰУܰٹٵĳǵĻ 

һɣѩ촽ķǣȻҲ 

Ĺ翪ţ֮䲻档ഺò꣬ܵܶ˵׷󰮣Ҳһֵý¡ 

ľɫڸ֮ӿӭӱӿȺʮеŸǱҪһ[֮]ݹ뷨ġ 

Ҳûʧ 

[ѽѽ㲻ЩˣǵӭǵģΪ˵ġ] 

˵⻰ˣһҲû뵽ԼҲ֮С 

ԭżӻ֣ȴʼûǶԼ׵̽ 

[ܻӭأֶҲѾҲˡСûоúĽ] 

[ö໨磡] 

׻δţűӴ˸硣 



£ȻǷ͡칦ЩսƷ 

ȻΪֵӣסҵ 

ײûۼʱΡҹû졣ֻԭ˵Ҳδл粰شٹٶȥ޾ 

ԭҲҪԼķȥʱżף[СӾһậʼղģ] 

[Ǹδɵްˣ᲻̫ˣ] 

бһۺѣĹִ⡣ǰҲûĸ˵Ĺڻѵ갵֮ڲͬ 

ҪһǸм׵СӾʲôģȴһӡҲûС 

Ҳѹ֣ʱֻ˩ڵһϣ˵̫Ա߻пС 

[ڵȷֻǸޣٹأ֣̫ģʱҲδĶ֡] 

[ôأ]ЩΪȻ[Ҫ˵ĻҲɣ] 

[ҲŲġˣ°ԴԣֻҪշģΪһСѵ̬ѾҪ㲻ǹҵõúǰסĵطһģһ] 

[Ǻǡ]ַͳЦ[ҲһȤ] 

[֣Ұ߰ɡ] 

Ӧɱֲԭ 

[Сҵĳ£ɱɱʲô] 

[ֻߣɱ] 

[Ҳ㡣] 

Сͳһ˯һ𣬱˴мëһô᲻֪ԭʲô⣿ 

ǽԣһŵǧԭȴһ˵˲㣬 

[ʵɣԴȥССѵƤ·ˣ] 

˵ԼĴ㣬ĻҲԭġ 

[ϵܶ࣬һȥ˴ţҲ˽ȥɵȥû裬ߣҲа취裡] 



8 

䡣 

״˸䡣 

طޡ 

ԺĲϥ̦߲ɢźܶʯ飬·ıҡһͩȴǼá֦Ҷʢһֱ쵽ɸߵΧǽ⡣ 

ȱ[]ȻСҵǴӱһ·ģҽҲֵٲߴ󣬲ϸ֦ĩڵķ 

ͨڲҹȼţ;Թеͭ裬ΪĿռů 

̨ˣͭ÷̣֪ǶǰȼĻĩɵýӲǡ 

Ļū۸˵ġ׵ΪʱΪŮ谮ūҲĲ˿ʡ֮Ľ֮Ȼð򣬸衣 

տǷϵĴֻһˡ 

ʮһļף갵¾ū 

ĵһ˯ 

һ·ԭʼղңʹ˯һֻۣԷ¶ʲôš 

˯֪ʵÿ첻ˡ 

ǽһžľһɣ˲ɢĸζ׼ǸձƤ˾ѳ˯ȥ 

һ˯Ҳ֪ʲôʱˡ 

̫λεţɹЩůĸо 

׷˻ߵԺʼЩʯ顣 

С᲻ģֻһ档м仹иʲô̵סױһݹ棬Ц[ȤȤ] 

־ǷʲôһѲݣüʯ֭Ϳǿʯϣɢ仨Ƶġ 

ȥŲ˺Щʯ飬ɢΧﻹڹ棺[ĸԱߡ] 

ܿʱ˭Ҳ޷ǿʯѾ׸һ׵С 

ԭԼһ˯˯ʱ 

ǽĵطʯͷһܣڵϻЩСˣŰ֡ 

ʯͷȥϿ㡣 

ԭڲм䣬һڴҲ֪ʲôõġϻһƺˮԴͨġȻѾãˮȴ峺 

֪ʲôطιĽһһף׷Ȼڡ 

׿ţѺ͵ 

Ȼڴˣȴܹ飬һԼ뵤ͬ֮Уȴ˴˵ܹ 

ôһ룬﷢ᣬм׹ 

һֻɱݵִӺǡڴʱһġ 

9 

׻û궼ûˡһ˦Ա˸ߵĲݴһͷ[ҪҪ] 

[ޡ] 

սսʵ[㡭ǲǹ] 

[] 

վˣһü˼··ҲǶԭȵɫҲƵóΨдʽϿԷֱǹ͵ȻūķΡûñӣͷݲѩ죬ָָڣָָ䣬ʾ˵ʲô 

ԭǸƵձˡ 

׶ڲݴﱧϥƫԴµƣȻ[]Ц[֪ˣ㲻ǹӰӣûӰӵġ]ܹȥվţЩ[˵ǲǺܴ]Ц[ǴˣǴˡ׺ܴ׺ùԡ]ȥ忪ʼֻԼļǰǰҡ[׺ùԣҪ򰢰ס] 

[ѽ]ձȴôߣץסʹžߡ 

[ҪҪ׽ף׹ԡ]Ť׽ˮĻСӼɤŵͩϵһֻȸشϴ˳ȥ 

˸ָȴУѲ 

һ·Ѽϵɿָ֣ŵһްڼ˯ľǰżִֻ룬ʢЩˡ 

ԭǸͷġ 

׶ŷԼǿտҲеˡԿЦ־ȻûҪ 

˶ѾˣζҲã𣿼׼ǽϣҲãֱ߶øɸɾŷ¡侷˿ԼӳԷ۾Ҫɳˡһ˽붼սһˣһ׽ڵϵķŽǹӼףֻһӡ 

ǵģӡ׺Ȼܾǰ·乬ʱЩഺ٣ò绨ȵǴӴķ϶׵ֱ۷ػ衣ʱ͵͵˵һ䣺[ÿ]ͬе侷˵[Ӳؿǡ]΢΢Ĭ˻侷˵һ䣺[Ӳȫġ] 

ЦЦص}ֵ̣ȫΪ֣ԼƷζ˭֪˭֪ 

ϵӰתһȦһȦǽ¼ʯĻ۽ʮʮʮű춼ͷǴֻʰ뿪ԺβݰʯͷȻȥӷ·ڣеȴֻԼס 

ʱװװʵۼˣЪһЪȴܾñậʲôһ˫۾ڶ¶ʲôǲͦȥˡȻȥʱ˫۾ǲһʲô˿켣Ҳ 

ĴˣҲ֪ԼĲƫƫƲסԼʡ 

֣ôԼĺԼ 

Ψҹġƽľϣͷϵľߺ촰Ƕɡ 

˵ԭһͷƻĺ꣬ôֱһͷǣԭ磬ȴܹܵϵ㲢áŮ˵[һǻ㾡ԼԼģһ־Ǹġ] 

΢΢¶ЦֲҪֻҪһƵķ 



10 

ֹЩӣԽˣ 

û裬߷Щ̿ҲԼ𣬰ֻиĳɰ˯ڴȦ 

һ죬ƻʱȴ϶˼аһֿﾹȻ̿ůůȼš 

˭˭˯ʱ𣿼żаϹ߶ëǵ𣿼ӵ£ϥ΢ 

ڶ죬ֶһ£ս̿ұȥ·ʮ̿ 

죬û˯Ϻ۾ϢȴΧһж 

OO@@ģ˲ǰͥҶˡ 

һ£ۣµİľȻð 

˽˵ûмŹڻǰˣضŪ̿ҡһůɢˣŲͣǰ 

[죡] 

͵Բ˵۾𾪵ضǰŵǸˡһ̣еαװˣȴǵ죡 

űˣվǰǸʢ˻ǵĿʲôһ£Ѹٵˡ 

[] 

ȡ룬˸ƣ˼Ҫȿԡ 

׵һβ֪ʲôźã·Ѿ뵽˱ȥҲľˡ 

ȻĴ֪ˣҪҲӲе͡ʹࡢᣬҲȫû¡ 

ҧס촽뵽ԺǸ׵ĳһ˵ʬȥĻӦû˻ᷢ 

[]ձ˼ļ磬ߴԡ 

׻еذϣֽɱֲᾪκ˵ķڳȥķʲôζϾ˼ 

Ȼһֱʰ뿪ҲǴϡ 

ļ죬һյͷ̿׼̽ѵ̬ȶҲûһֵķӦ󼾰ױ͸ӣûйЩߵΪһ 

״ 

ƾɵֽţë߶ҳмдעͣȻǼ׺ܾǰȴδ䱾īʡīһңƽֻһͽܣĿ֮ӺӺһСս߰ٶʮΣһʤñ֮棬ı֮Ϊҵ䷶īʡһͳ֮󣬸Լļ䣬ר˼¼ġ治īӵ˼ţҲԼһЩܽᣬǺñı 

飬ֶڷˣǰΨһ¾˭ЩᡣΪ⣬Ϲ粵ңʮ° 

ԴӹƼؽ󣬼ױΪԵ˭֪Ȼŵī㣬ֽ͵ʸУңôһı飡 

Դ˺󣬼װ˯ϱŻⷭЩƵֽҳãκζһһֲؼ˯ʱ۾˼ᡣ 

ʮ죬ͷʱֻһ飬һξȻһظġۡ 

Ѿ֪˶κε⣬ҲûͼѯʹΪʲôͥ£˭Ҳ˵ףǰҲһǷ²Ȼ󱻾͵ūҲֻͬ鼾ףϧĴ侲 



11 

ٿ֮䣬ƶѾʮˡ 

ˮر߿ϷʱǰǶһһ׵ĽˣµĽӳˮǸӰԼŶ̾ҹߵϢӪķˣʹͲһʮꡣ԰׵Ƥϸģݵ°ͼССһôôǻڵС 

ȻĳЩмĽѾѧôԼɣôαװΪһһ£ĳЩ棬ڽΧĻô򵥡 

ȥ뵤졣û˴ӵȥѾõ˵˵ڵľҲãҲãЩΪ֮ΣǰǸҹѾӦ¡ 

ǰͷû»һĹūÿζֻѷ˷ſڡ֪ΪǸӡ 

̧Ÿ߸ߵͩ΢΢һЦǺؾȥˡ 

ʵӵҲ£мһȵ˯ģ 

ԼҲǲϰʲôʱɵġֻܹľɫֻصķܣûڻɫ˺ܾãֱʧȥȫʶ޵ؽӽգһɵط裬ɹ˹ǽɹ˴ɽɹ갺ӣһֱɵ갶߸ߵĻǽϣͣССļͷ 

ϲڸߴ˯ĸо 

վɣһҲ֪˯ŵʱͨĹϣһǰӵݵ 

ֻ𼾰ףΪԭһࡣУԭϸػ㱨˱궯Լδܵıĩȴ赭дظһ䣺֮ӦѾ˰ɣ 

˺һʲô֮ǵĵܵܣڹеļϵеĹ£ѯ˰죬Ȼûһܹ˵ǻһλ[صǸӰɣ] 

ȻǵĵܵܣôҲǸˡôһ룬ֱ΢΢һЩȤɴûǵ乬꣬Ҳ粻ˡԶ֮ԭ֪Լԭ־ȥһ仰Ȼ벻ЧҲҪŰɡ 

Ȼ²ôżȻһ˲ѪǾʤصڣһ֮췭ظҲΪССһʯӶѡ̾ԭ㾡ȴҲʧֵʱ 



12 

⻹ŵģͷȴӲҽȥ๬ūеĻ䶼ūҲŵȣֿ乬úõһȡ乬ˣʧǷ˴£һӶͷﵱ[]֣乬ȴ˭˵öﵱʮĲʲôӶ֪ΪĸԺҪܵģһ˵ʱŵȴƨɣſڵҽ塣 

Ĺּ̫ȥ๬ūƨɾһţ[ͣȻӭݣ] 

ͻȻһߣ˱Խ˲ݴǺһ࣬Ҳû̫˵ʲôΪƢ̫ţͷ̯ݲģ˿̲װһţڵһ[ĸڱүү] 

תˣŵ̹ˣ[󡭡ġ] 

ûִţ[صʲôˣ֪] 

[СĲ֪]˿ĭ[˵Ǹӡ] 

[ô跨] 

[⡭СҲֻϵʱ춯ڳ裬ʱҲЦ˵ġ] 

[򿪣Ҫȥơ] 

Ϳ۹̫࣬Щԥɫһ[ѵǱӾŵ𣿿ţ] 

һ򿪣ȾͽȥˡһȺȻҴæҲ˽ȥ 

վͩ£Ժǽ徰ü[أ]ͷϷ졣 ֶܿ죬΢۾ѾƳһŻӰϵȻȻؾȥɽ˸ 

ȫʱתסҪ̾׼Ѽ׸׳ȥ 

[~~] 

ȫûʶԼĿǰΣմôߵĵطֱ˽סôĶȻûܰѡֱԶزֽ׳ĸ첲ԭȰ֦סСèһǰʵ״̬ĺߡ 

ȤС 

סż׵Ŀһ˿ζ 

ǸʿūɿϵķƱãֻһͷŨֺڵͷ޷ԶһҪվһ㡪ȫ˶֪ƢӵĴŭס 

[Ȼݲ] 

ŵʱ̶ſڹһأ˶һͷ亹 

ΪߵḶ̌İȫտţ͵һǴ̿ô죿ȻǴ̿ͣ⹬˭֪صǸӣԴ󷢣˴Լһ˵߻ذ˻Ҳ 

[ˣţҺķˣ]ֲ͵شһº˴˴۵С۵һȺˣ󲽿˲ݳھԺ䡣 



13 

̨ףõ鵲סһšţҪ̾ǿԵҲûˣǳ 

СסľȻĵطŵҡҡͷȦŶɾöࡣӶһΨһŻȽ˳۵Ľ䡪ȫɫıľ齡 

ľ齱Ͳΰֱżף˶ʱ˸һ˿϶Ҳûˡ 

ǰϸϸ 

ϣȫҲһ˿͵Ƶľ¾ޣ˵Ϊµһ˵ĵ׵ܵܣȴֺɫƽӹҲȲϡ 

˵ר˵ӦúʧŶԣȴûиоֻļף΢΢شһЦһݴֿ˾ȻüĶԾظչ˵ıҲࡣ 

⣬ů 

ģģ룬ƽЩ֦ɹȵģҲ¡šֹ£һ⻬˺ܶ࣬ûƽʱôֲˡعһŲŲ 

[̡̡] 

ʲôڳĶĤǹôԣˣôҲԣ׵ûôȡʵô˵ˡ 

׺Ȼѣô˭˭ 

ۣضֵ˫ͫ 



峺Ŀ⣬аͺ߰ʱȥСϪüס 

䣬Ժûһ⺢һ͸ 

ֵ鲻Խؾ༾׵ͷԼҲĳʵ[ˣ] 

˯Щÿ춼ģƽƽһ 

ԼôôֵΰȻεֱ 

ǽ̫󣬴ϷζиůɡǡôأŮ졢侷ˣԭҲָɣ 

׵ֳֵǰӺʵļ⣬͸Ҳܸоů¡˵ΣδҲ̫ʵˡ 

֣ſ죬ޱʳһ䣺 

[Ҹ] 

ɫһҰް㻪òʵҲһ˫Ե۾ʱʵãŭַ·ֶ˿˼ô׽ˣҲ޷ 

[Ҳ硣Ҫƺҡ] 

ḧż׵ͷ겻Ѿÿ쵽ˡָͣڼϸľ׵棺 

[С㻹ǵ] 



14 

[ǵðܸߣúúÿ]׺ۣЦɰ[۰ף˭Ҫ۸ףͻܡ״˺öóԵ̰׳裬ҳòãҶлŶ] 

ֻҡڣϸϸ˭ҲʵӣϵҸΡ 

ÿһӶΣ[]ָҲסҵ绪ֻ꣬һԼģܹԼĺǻӰӡ 

ֵ˳żķ˿ǰļ׻ΪӹһٶֽŷڵļȴѾܹƲȡĵů¶ȡ 

һ硣ȹϵһתתȥ̤ż벽ȴҲû͵Ъ 

ֻС쳤ӶΣһסԱĵܹʣ[˵Ǹʲô᲻ᱻ]˸ͷĶ췭ܹۡسһۣקԼӣ˵[Իڣ] 

[Իڣң]ָԼıӣȻ̵һ˦[عŻңҲǵĴ] 

[ʥӰ黤ӣҪСӵʲôģǧ޾壬бһӸ˵ĵ]عһϣŻС˵ôô 

[ع⻰˵ˡеǹ׶㣬ѷһӣóûҹ裬ûһöģ䡣] 

[ޣɻɻ䣬˵Щʲô񰡹ģ] 

ع̣˵Ҳ֪ 

ƫƫʱֳˡ 

عһʱŤ˿ϣᣬֽŶڶ¡ 

ֵĹأֻҪ˵ھͲΥ˵˲ǾǲūǼѼɤС֣Ū·ǡ 

һСţϹսоȼݵĹͣԾЩʱͬˡ󽫾ɻͥ£ڽ¾Ȼ[߲]һЦ˳ֲȻŭ˳ֳϵİֽȥͷϡֵ־֣Ѱ˾Ѿܲ𣬸οʢŭ֮£ȫӳּӲޱȣ±Сŵͷ˸󶴣һغ 

عԽԽ£ͷȥǧҲֹȴõİ취벻 

[ͣ] 

˭֪־ûһ߶عѰ͡û뵽ֽǰĲɵعһ֣Ȼͼסˣɰüԣһ߸ϽعӦ[Сڣ] 

[̺ģ] 

[ǡ] 

̧ԼҴȻ㣬ϵȻǴЦģ 

[ãϸһ㡭] 

ֻ˿Ȼһ˦[ȥҵ] 

һȺֺƺƵ뿪 

Ļҳ˵أֹ䡣 



15 

ʹӵȥķԸԴ[ϸŵ]ʲô˼ 

ϸؿǸôܶǸ߸ߵΧǽϵС۴֣ʲôϸģѵһӻܱˣˣ 

Ҫϸ̺ˣղģǳ϶Լûпȷ΢΢ЦǸӵԼСֶӴѩﱧرСʱıЩ 

ҡҡͷع˵öԣԼǻˣȻѴԼСֶᲢۡ 

Цݡĺ󰡡 

˵ˣǸʮ꣬һóҵ˵׵ܵܡ 

ҵԼû⹬ﵱ˽ʮĿⷿ˵ǿ¼еˡÿϯᣬӺĹӵǴͷҲΪܹһۡ˭Խʣ裬ȥضһ¶跹˼˼㱣󶼻Ϊҫʱ 

һ˵ĵܵܣҲȥ 

ôͷأ 

վĴǰźڶһζĪĺġ 

Ϊʲô 

ͺ˼ͬʱɪľҲ˼ 

ǵģΪʲôԼ굱Уѵʹûйᣬܹһ𣿲ҧסǺġΪܵܣˣ߹׵ۻ๶ҵĻϵ롣 

ȻǵôôͻȻԼأ 

ͷӴ϶µӰ밵ɬ塣 

[ȡȣôһʯͷ] 

ԺȻߣȴЩǶӲһ仰 

ȻһԴûŵſ̽ 

׺Ȥš 

һʼûףΪĽǶȿȥЩӵסģĹߺ档 

ĭӿżĽڱߵϣ໵˵ľͷܲס[]һ۶ˣһġ 

[ĸӸɵĺ£үү] 

ؿڣһȫûʶѾһεðԼҴʥ߰㹾һڶж˼ȥעطưܺҡ 

áࡣ 

ǻҳذռ˴󲿷ֵĿռ䣬ճĳһһƵڰƮпǹɲ֪ʲôζʶֻи˺ܶӵĶʬһСɽĳܹŻζ 

ղĵطʱ 

űӣûַǷ蹦̵һߺͽһ˫ײһ 

ţǸ~~ӣ 



16 

׹壬˫ֻ˫ȣ°͸ϥϣȥְֹӣ 

[ι] 

̽ź 

׹µµתźӨӨͫ[Ҹ] 

ҡҡͷ룬ʵ[㲻ǵ˭] 

ȴѾת棬ﳪŻҵͯҥ[ϰңϿԣ죬Ҫؼҡ] 

ıȻôƽĸҲҹǲ֪ΪʲôţӾط 

[˵㵹׳ʲôأҲҲͳģаҹģϸޣ˯ϾòӺವġ] 

תʼô͵Ӵɨ͵档һЩ飬һдʵ˵ֽͣȴ൱ 

ţ΢΢𡪡ĻȻ£ĵȴܲ 

ڿأԲŻ˵ô໰ 

ԼįҪʱǶһˣԼĶߣ߶߶˵ôЩɰĻȻΨһܹˣȴǸƵձˡٲ裬Ѿôˡ 

㻨ʱͲŰѴɾµñҲȥˣһɵӺͱ׽ַڱͼϵʱ򣬷·ܸо¡ 

[ˣҽʲô] 

Ͱʳһߣ˳üڵĲ˵ĩ˻ͳһֻȣ 

[ȥ۷ȡʱ򣬳ǲע⣬Ĵóġɲܽ͵۷ǻˣ߻˿Щ²ķʳҲǾӰȣȡ֮е] 

żϣȻѾûѼǸӵˡ 

ӻȡһӣ²[ģͷ] 

׾ؿһ֣ɿƵһͷȥ 

[ʲô鰡ǰڼҵʱǳͷأӾҵġԼͷ᲻ã㾹Ȼӣ] 

͵˵꣬һץףһֻסһֻֽݲͷ 

[ʹʹ~~~] 

ԼͷƤҺ궼ûͷӲק 

ս£һ˿ߣҹɫ¶ޱߵ次׵Ĵ˴˶šܶԺ󣬼һĻʱȻ᲻ֵЦʱѾΪܹܵҲǻһ䣺[ô֪ûͷ]ⶼǺ󻰣˿һǱգһµȵۣδʷƱǫ̃ 

ʹˮϴͷΪʱˮͰ˳ϴ衣׺࣬Լ·ϡȫҹѾȥ롣Ϯæµ˰ü䣬ش˸Ƿſڼ׵Ľű߳׵˯ħķ² 

Ҳܿ˯ȥ췢ܶ࣬ǵȲ˶ãոµһҪʲôڵأ 



17 

[ܰܰ~] 

˭ںʹһѣСƴںڰǰܡѩбһӰ[ۡ]ճҺ彦ϡ 

ȥ[] 

ֱһţקֵѾ֪ǻ˵ڼ 

±ˣˮܣظ͵°͡ 

[ҪǧҪ] 

Ųһ򣬺׷ϵҲ˹ȥűǲʹĽһû 

ӦǺµģʲôҲоˮΧӿָˮ߻˹ȥ»ĸо 

ԣСȻۣˮˮôŨĺɫϰȥÿεոճ壬ضһĿģӰסͷ½ȥþȡճѪӿſĿУθھΣȻ񲻿ϷӲŻĳ嶯ҲϺһ[] 

Ҫ˾ȣ˭Ҳ޷ȵԼ 

[Ҫ۸ҪΪǿߣ] 

仰ĸ˵ģ򱱷ŮΪ˻һܹ䷱ܰϢĴǨķأ׸ߵľһʮеһ 

ȨƣûгòǿԮ֧ţŮӵĸܹںסţģƾּǿĸԡ 

ĸĶӣĽκʾֻܿԼ 

 

[ˡ] 

ɤԶԶ죬Ѹķ񣬳 

ڰͭǰó£رʣСɫڴƽʱõĶѹԶҲ᲻Ũϡ 

ЩЩׯأеӰɢΪߵķ緶ϡ 

ƽԼĵɫͫҫšᶨĹâȫجµκ 

һЦŤͷᲽȥվűߵС߳[ϳ] 

[ɣԴܱ] 

ɢ˳ڻغ󹬵·ϣժ˶俪õٽգʶسһһƵĻꡣ 

Ľ̹ش[δ]ȴЩȻ 

ɣԴӺ·ңԶҹͣطɳۣ׿㣬ҲٵµʱִܵһܱŵʮĹ򣬰أǷش飬ĻһܱӦûҪϰµʱŻ͵ 

ѵˣȻʲô¡ 

ֵɫ̴ؾȥֻĬĬؼֺ棬С 

ֵ΢΢ЩŭԭǸһѵѾҪ˵ʱ򣬾ȻŶһǶļŮĻˮĵĲ˰ɣ 

ߣЩס£ַؽֻʣ¿Ļٽӽһߵĺ 



Ե޹ʹǸˣȴǧ֮ȿ˯Ŵ 

[磡] 

źĺֺͷȺ͵÷ˣȻͷ˸硣 

[ôˣ] 

Աһʡ 

[ҡ] 

ӳеһգԻӺգûôԶҲǵ 



[ǰȥɾˡ] 

ۿǰ·ߵľɫԽԽҲòˡ 

һδȥǶλ֪ݺݵѵǼһ١˵ȥֲĵطһǳʲô鷳а˭ 

ʵǵ˼Ҳµõ֡ 

óҵˣŵλ׵ܵܡһֿˣٷӣֵ󹬻ȫǵ£ 

飬ټٷֲ˵ǸСӣЩǻǲȫȻİ 

ֻųڴԼϣҪȥѵסϵû𣿻ҪԴҪˣ 

֪䣬еΧǽ⣬̧ͷɼ֦ͩҶǽ̽·Ҳǽį 

Ͷ˰ᲵĴǰֵ´ȡԿףȻҲ֪ 

һ˽ȥˡ 

[ι] 

׵ͷϴڴִ֦ϣؿ 

ֲԾؾЦ֣Ҫ 

[ݡ] 

ƤֱӴ׼ȷ򿪵ıӯһë 

ıⱳᵹǶͻ˳ 

[ѵû] 

׵ͷһָ 

[һΣɣֻһξͱҽţСǻԵء] 

ֵָüϣ[㲻ġ] 

ָЦһ룬Цסˡ 

ı۰վļףҲֻ°͡˵ʱ򣬾͵ͷ̧ۡ۾ע֣Ŀγûһҡ 

˫۾ţֵľȻĪҲ 

[˸Ρ] 

˳ҲһĽޣʹϵǡ 

ҲȻȣĻ 

[βô] 

[ţǸجΡ] 

ӵסʧȥƽԵ 

[μ˺ܶǰһ£ܶܶˣұΪѾȫˡ] 

䵽ԶЩã 

һ֧ 

[Ӵã 

ԭӴ 

Զɫǿ£ 

Ĺ硣 

Ӵ 

ǼӴ 

Զ˵ĸУ 

ҿɰĹ硣 

ɽӴΡ룬 

ˮӴϣ 

Զ 

Ұͷİ] 

ᣬϵһۻơ 

갹ϣ״ҲӡǺ͵һ֣ûа취ɽݵĸо 

һܹ׵ģ־԰ĸ顣 

[Ұҳģĸ׵˼] 

ջĿ⣬ŻСˡ 

[ôˣ] 

׾ȥԼ۽ǣֽմˮָŽ[̵ġ] 

[ɵϣ᲻̵ѵģ] 

ʧЦЦУһЩĵظı䡣 



18 

ȷڸı䡣 

ָı䣬Ǽף̡͡졭оˡ 

ָıӰаµĴǣǱ˴˻˽½̸ɻָı䡣 

Ϊʲô 

Ĵڸ߸ߵϣǳЩޱȷĹµʱ򣬾Ȼٲ͵غȳ⡣ֻżЦ 

£Ҳǰ㣬ȥ𣬷ǴѪģɡˤ˻ƿ֮£һЦͲ׷ҲͽзµԼͱȥˡ 

ÿ˴󳼣£ĸǶȥֻŽһˣֱȥס 

Ҳ粻ͬˡ 

ԺӲݱ˸ɾЩʯͳͳߣҲƵǸªС 

߻װȥ©ĴֽҲȫµġҲˣҲ·ˢһ顣 

︺ľ˾»׼ÿԺֲľʯɽһСͤ 

[òš] 

վ£Цſʯͷιļס 

һҪתڲڣųǵĳʧˣҲˡ 

ǰΪʹ˵£Եˣ׾һֱվڵǰʪҲܣ˺üա 

[طãƫƧһСסɭɭģза޵һֱôȥɡ] 

ּһ£˾ȡ 

֪з¥ǧأƵȴֻ 

סˣǹλļ֮ĵĶϡ 

Ԫֵ޵ҲǹߴĽΪʱˮʦ˵̫ʢڴˣɱ֮ƫƫôһͺ޵Ϊˡ 

޵۹ұʵǹģСġȻȴ˵ĵããศټԪľλΪ֮˵൱Ǻ֮סʱδ޵Ҳһֱš 

޵֮ҵڵסĵط 

˾סλǴ󽫾ɻãҲ˵÷飬ֲһ 

ʲôطָƫ޵ָһס 

ֱǰһˮõ͹Ѹֵҹ 

ֲŲԵôڣ˵µģһðӴȥ 

׸ᣬֻ߳ƻеĵһԶǷССԺһӶֻܵӣŮҪ£ 

޵ֵƵģƺ˶ǸʲôķӣѴԵʧϡ 

׼˭һ۶ʣ[Ҹ] 

ȻЩŹŹֵֹĸҥ 

ԭǸӣǸɵӡ 

е˻ȥô˵Ҳϡ 

ڸ֪ˣû죬һּ 

ͼȥҵĸ硪졣 



19 

갹ӺһʮССͯһʮ꣬һҹ󣬼׺͵ĵһμ档 

Ʈŷ׷С꣬ڴ£еһ˿˿⡣ 

شյᢺ߳Ǹˣѣε 

ҷصĳۣŴĵ͵ķ٣ɢż˿ѩľϣü䵴ɫļµ 

ǵշ绪ɵ갹ӣһŻĳ޹ȣ 

׼ѵƿߣֻһĿɬ 

ˣһ˿Ц 

[ףΪʲôҿң] 

ʡ 

źľ㼸ס׵°ͣת˹ 

[ҪװɵףҴ֪ûз裡] 

[Ůǰһֱ㾲ˮУ¹ʱʥ͵ԪѵΪĹֿЦɶɵ𣿼ףƭˣ㲻ܹƭңѵˣΪ˭űӵģ] 

ỬգǶ̵Ŀ࣬˵õֵѿУᡣ 

һ̾Ϣȥᡣ 

[磬ûǹΪҳܵһСϣǱ˴ΨһˡΪˣǱӵСġֵĹκϸСɱ֮еĿҲͰˡ] 

صĽϣɫѾõȻ 

[ģҶ򷢵ȥˡϵİҴʨȳū˵ĻһҲ⴫] 

ǣ˵ʲôأ 

ЩúòȻҵĴ𰸣ֺʣ˵Լ⼸ľ꣬˵ڱԹһ 

׸бǧΨһ˵ĵ죬ȴʲôҲ˵ 

շתãһ䣺 

[磬ǲںң] 

Ϻޱ飺 

[ûк㡣иеĽȻ㲻װߣҲδӵùȥοĸմλ㣬ǾǳгӼǺ޾ĵ] 

ܣĻģȴ޷Ƭ⣬ֻܴͷ 

[磬ô˵ҶԲ㡣] 

ȴùˣ 

[ԼԣθɣֺγԲˣ֮Һϸã] 

ҧ˴˵ҲԣĿȻ 

꽥´»һССˮݣҲҡŴǰļŽҶ䣬ƺҲѽܲ 

ڷϣõֻ˼°׵ӣһԳϸĹǼԵݡ 

[֡ΪʲôҪ㰲޵] 

Ŀĵ棬һʲôȥȴ޷ذס 

ĳԼҲ˵ԭ˻ѣ[Ҳֻ֪ǰҵһСӶѡ] 

ɣ쾹ȻҲˡ 

ģֲõԤУԥ˵ 

[죬㻹ԶһȽϺá] 

վй˼ɣ˵ޡ 

ȻЩ˵̫ױ˴Ҳеĺ壬Щ£ʲôĺǻ᲻֪ͷȥ 

Ҳ֪ȥǰ˵һܲõ򡣴ӻ԰ͷȥأڴ£˼ã 



20 

ȥʱ޵ 

[С磬] 

ǣżױ֣ȥ״Ŷ£ֵĻһ˫ůĴֽš 

һ彥ůˣֵֽŬѾ˷ɫκ죬ȴȻƵز˵ 

[Сôˣ㲻һֱΪʲô˷ֲģ] 

ͣеĶƮƮӡҲιٵĺöôôëƵûһššüԺҪԷС 

԰ϸĸ첲̧סĲӣմˮϣ[]һ˳[׹ԹԵģҪ°һѽ] 

ᣬֱӵֵ̵ģȴʹĪ[Сңʲôˣ˵Щʲôǲ㣿д] 

ĻҵָϽ鼾׵˺ۣǼȴ§סľ[ҪҪ䡭䣡]޵ı˳ 

һ˫ۣӺ[ҲҪôҶȥô] 

ŭͻȻؾֵü̶ƽ˿ȴľˣѾӼ׵ĻƲ֣ͬŭʨһ[Ȼô˵˵Ҫ㶪ȥңǲ˵ģ] 

Ȼŭŵ˻ڳ꣬״㵵ؿȫڷɫֽ 

צǸεĶ[ԲСҾȻУŻ˰ɣ] 

ڵſڵ͡װʱҲ˵߸޵ŹµһֻļüŪۣſ˵ŭʱҲŵų[¸]ҽУ͵Ķ䱻졣ǽڶԼ׵Ǹ͸ſ²ͺϲˡ 

˰ɣȻ˵ǸǸֻһǿɳڵĴȻôε˵[Բ𡭡]죬ǹصĹΡΡش[ߣ죬ͳĺвΪ⡣]˼˵£ʹգ˵ʲôʲôǶǳӦ˼ûвԵġǴǸҲ˼ 

ĲӰ뿪ŷ͵ȥֻͷһһǸɻݺۡﻹڲͣ૵˵űǸĻֶԴ׵ᣬͼöˣɴûָоӦǾŷǳҸȴ־ĵǣ·Ҹת۾Ҫߣס 

[һˡ] 

ضԼ˵վֱ壬ȥֻ 



ڲˣҲˣ˯ȥŵذƽúõڳϣǺáֲ׵գеƺҲоˣ΢΢Цơֵڼͣͣ޷Ӧ뿪 

ĽŲ˵ţԺСɤѹּ[ҵඡ]Ƴһһ㵴ۣϵЦƱÿɬءһȥǱ߱ضһ籩ԵӣǾԼģָֻһ֮ƣȻ뵤һϣҲԶһʱ䡣 

ϣʱźáһ˫еĽ˵˵ͬʱҲԼǱѡˣǵȴж㿪Ļᣬ˿ܲܰˡ 

Զҵķ򣬼׷һ̾Ϣ 



21 

£꼾 

꼾˽£ܶطһֱ˺ܶ춼ͣγˮֱ֡÷ǳæµÿ춼ѩƬ౨ȫصȫǲõϢ֧ȥŸ޵ĵ̰ӣһˮȻˣˮһ·ƺƵصأ˵Ϊձɽҡϱ߰ɽ¿ɽŵһȫɽʯ֮УȫСǧ˾ûһӵóȫɽļƷ飬ѾķˣƫƫԭŷüƣȻæұˮʱͼı졣ָͷ¼ʹԭŭƢֻˣ춼д󳼱ùѪͷϵıīֽⱻˤҲ֪ж١ 

Ȼ£ֻҪһϾֻǲȥסʱ˵˵ʱֻǱһڴ¿¸ͣ꣬ߺߵүûĸΣ־˵[үɲģϻ᳤] 

[ԸϳֻҪǿޡ]죬˵ΪүСǸ޹ 

ֵͷһǣЦ[ǻʹġ] 

[ԸʹҲ뿴㲻ġ] 

ˣսֱۣرס꣺[СԶ꣬ҲҪʹ࣬һġ] 

ȻһֱûͣԽԽأҲ⡣ 

޵ĺǰĳλΪһޡ˵һλĹ޵Ժҹ˼ʹ۰ڵܹǸԶ硣ºû˹ˣֻڿʱһλġȻҲڶס켸ҹĿ籩꣬һҹˡ 

µʱ޵ҲΪ֮һ𣬼Ȼѣ㿴֮УӰŵҵشеĵ䵽˵ϣ̾ͱ˲ϨˡڷϺľ֦Ҷϵһһ󣬹ǿ޺ҲУ̱С 

Ҳ棬ƺȽ򶨣ָ˸𡣼׻δô˻[Ͽȥ߹£ǵǴ嵹ˡǵҸʲôϿȥҪǾ˸ķ˭𣿡ӴϹʲôȥҴ㣬㣬ϿеĿշ򿪣˵˶̧ȥãôˣѵȫﰡ̫Σգ㲻ܡ] 

Ļδ˵꣬Ѿ[]һײˣ׾ɵؿһߴĺӰڵңһ̣˱㱻ֻ 

[Сû°ɣû°ɣ] 

̵ֲֻӼͷս֮ϣĿѪɺӡʬҰ簢ǵԲһüͷ˿̾Ȼ˵ڲץż׼ָǽҪƤȥƵġ 

ֻʪʪģֱַϣִҲʪġʱںĽ̲Ÿ˽ŵһ˵ڰķһƬĹ⻪ 

⻪ӳ־Ȼֻ£һ˫ʪܵĽվڼ״ǰ 

촽ᶶҲƲסһʱҲ֪ʲôζ 



22 

ֱڶ󣬼ײ֪Ϊʲôֻôʧ 

ԭµʱǶ޵ķ޵ݶͭסˣש߾绯٣û޵ҳǵһŹǾסƫûôˣصѹ棬һӾѹ壬ҹ˯ʮ˾ô촷ۡ 

վͥԺеȥȥæʰо֣ÿ˵϶ԳƣͬʱȴмֵҡҺԼһ 

ͭ񵲲סĻ׵Ŀⴹֱش£ͣסĵطҹڡ 

ɣҲЩѵĹһ֫ңĿŤ֮£صűʬһķĻҲ⡣ 

֡ 

ܵһΪʲôҪ 

֪ΣգȴҪس·ЬӶáϴĲֱԼָ·𶼻ܸоȷں£µȴİΣԼӦû˿ôˣһߵߵɵӡ 

ְ֣ѾôҪô 

ץԼ·ǰ󣬸еһļµʹ 



⾪춯صһҹŰһͣˡ 

ˮǵÿҲ죬Ѹٻָģ·û׺ݲֽٵǣѾûʱΪȥ˿Ǳ뾡ػָ԰𱻳ٵķݣɼ㹻ʳԽͬʱҪҵʣµӺΪ괺׼ 

ͬʱԱľҲ˺õϢԭƥãϢ²ʻΪˣ֧֡Ϣ²Ȼվһߣ֮֮İġȻҲűʾƳɹѷչΪȻȫ֧֣һǰ 

ʮһ£ϢµȱɵĹ˵ӺϷʳӡȵȼƷҲ½ִЩַȥѶʱ˲١ָ֮£ڹɽΪµΧԣл棬򼴽ֶѵһ꣬ӭϣꡣ 

[СҪʲôޣǣܣϻʨӣҪʲôҶῳͷŵǰƤΪ¡] 

ǰҼףһȺūķ¸£Щʺӷ׵Ĺë·˶ܲ͸磬׺ܲ˵վ룬Ҳ첻˵ֻеĹūȥ漾ѡԼŲɫĶۣŰ׺Ƥ磬ŻӥƤʨ׵δ֪[]ֻɱʿſıǡӵ˶󰮻ԼһʢΧԻʱóѰѼ 

׼ʰ쵣ɷǺÿֹȥֿϲͽϡƤʵͷΣֵζŶͷϷǳů֪ⶫǷҪܾȴֲܣֻظŶͷ֡ľڽǺЦɫͫʾߡ¼갺ӵˮӰǼįĲټį¶Ĳٹ¶Ȼʱţ׺ɣе˶Զȥǰ˻ǰس 

գգۣλðľʧˣϸϸŴҵ΢ 

[ҲҪЩ] 

ҡҡλεѵհϡ޵źë̺ҲûˤţֻǿǹͲһм¶ССһЩ 

ЦŹȥ[ɽ䣬ЩɲС] 

[㲻Ҳû]ױ졣 

ִЦ[ôܺұȣСʱϰ䣬ųҲֻܴѥζɲ㳢ġ] 

[֮ҲҪ]׸ɴڵϣ[ҲȥԼȥˡ] 

ں˵Ѿ˵ܳľر˼ܴЩҲǰС۰ţȻѾʮ꣬վֱʱҲܹ°ˡ 

[ðɺðɣ]ÿִʱһȻ֡ԼʵĴ멣üѵЩص·ĻЦ̾[ѵ׷ϻʱҲҪҵܲǵιϻġ] 

[ιϻҲ] 

˵仰ʱ򣬼ġ 



23 



⣬롣еǣĳӣڵЩУ׽ĴԼǵļҾ죬ҲкǻŸߴĿڻĳ޵·ŻΣͳϵ壬ϣֵܹע⡣ 

ȴһòͨСİ[Ũ]ԼǰԼ罫ܵع˷˺۵ģǱӦֶͷ[]˿ȴϵͷϣɫѤõ߻ռӳƽЩ԰׵ȥ˵Ĳг 

[ǲ޵ǸɵѵҲҪȥɽ] 

ĳ棬ǰһϣ˵ϯλϵŮӣǹ󸾵Ĵ硣ߵŮò˺̬ͣ飬ѵķԲ׵飬Եʸ߹꾲ұߵŮҪһЩë¶׺ѩղŵĻǴ˵ġ 

۾Ӵڳǰɴ᣼ȥĿڼϣԳмһ˵Ȼ[ҵ˵ĵܵܣҲ˶ѡ] 

[ˣô˵]ߵŮ΢΢һЦûԷΪ 

[㿴ϵʲôġڡɲһܹġ] 

[⻰˵еĵλһôҲڴвҲǲһ] 

ߵŮӡֵİ˻ûĻ˵[Ǹڡʮʱ԰ġ]˱ֵĸף[˶ڴ˵ԶֹԺ͸߳յô򵥣˶İϧĶ֮һʹҡΪκ˶޷ӶȡġҲˣѾȥõǸˣҲܹȥ˵ġ]ζؿһۣ[ô] 

ҧס´е㲻ģ[ֻǸɵӡ] 

[ǴȻϲǸ׳أ]֣[סȥǸˡֻ㡣] 



첻档 

״ֻȥһƬ𻪸ǣѣвûǸ[]绪Ӱ㲻ȥɽ𣿺󹬼룬еλȫ֮УΪʲôûأҵĻںֱ־𣿻ǣ㲻룬ֺһ 

ָӣ[ž]һɾ˸޻[Ũ]߰ذͷŵ̤˽Ųĺ棬еƥʼɽ 



24 

ɽӺϣӺ·Ϻܶط˱ߣһж̫Ӵֱŵ 

һ·ϼȫĿŵճ֣ʱҪͣϢʱҲҪԱߣ˻Ҫȥ·ߵķ羰ҹЦſֶ˵Ļ 

ǿӣҡҡͷȥȴһҧгݣ۾ＸҪðˡ 

[ҿȥˣڹҵǸ꾫Եߵ˹ֱɵӸģֵܸںԣ] 

ڶҹھˮ֮ӪϢײָ¡һȺΧھǲԶĻԱߣ˺޺޵ؽһ߽̿˻ 

[ܹô죿ڿһۡ]һλ˵ 

[컹ˣϾµһˡֻɵӶﵽͷϣҪģûģҪûģ˲Ŵûһġ˸ܣҲ̫ˡ] 

[ߣܵøɫý֪ǽòǺ۸ģ] 

˶ż׵ĲӰ¶һ˿Цݡ 

ЩмΨһĬȻǰˡŵŮ˼ܶһָڲܼģͽ˹ĸ˵ĽŮ٣ʮʱ޸ֳӣʮΪ֮סô깬Ѿ̻֮ȥһˣôѡ˺ѡ 

ǹеΨһ֮ˣȴ۵˵ռۣҽϡ 

Թۣܾ˵м׵꾹ȻһָĪĸоһ͸ѩɽµĻѩϪǳֺ˵µɵӶôԸԼ顣 

ôûûݵĻôȥ˵أ 

״ʱҪ֣[¹£ҲҪȴսƵۣҲҪ丸׷̫Щ㶼һٶˡҪµġ] 

ΪѣǴ˵ˡĹ£ô緭ȥؽˡ 

[ô̵Ĺ°ɡ˵öö̡] 

[Ǻðɣ룬ǽʲôأ] 

׵ĿңңȥֵĹѪȡ̺ҲսıԺñ֮޿ɱ갵֣һƬ갺֮ԭɱŨҵѪƺ͸˽ʱǧľ룬ɭȻرƽüޣƤֱѪҺȥ 

ΧĻͻȻ[]죬Ů˺˵ļк; 

[ʲô£] 

[ľˡ] 

[СЩ͹ˡ] 

[ǡ] 

תͷһ[СЦʲôأ] 

[ȹðˡ] 

׳ԳԵЦţ̴ָֿӺ͹æҵ˴űµľȼĻ磬վмֽǸˣˡ 

Ҫݻԭȴֲ֪αܿԼһĻ棬ԲΪֻܵԷٵĽӭǵԹĿ΢΢ͷڳֻ˿˲Ż̬Ŷ 

ڹʲôģֻоĳ谮ǰһеʱӵľˣҾܽڽ¡Ȼȴֺ磿 

ӳ£÷·ǳˮϺõһīڱ˷ǱĶִϢ 

ȹϵĻǣܿͱˣһڵĶʲôҲû¡ȥԼ񣬴˲䣬׷ؿȼŰ桪ѾĻ 



25 

Ļ˲ġ 

רΪһƥϣֵѩ磬ࡣȺĿ⣬ȵؾĿĺ󱳣ôĺ޶˸Ƶġİ˼Ȧµس̤˼ 

ߵɫ죬Է衣֮ϣKӥţӥѿãƲ㡣ȮǰţѪǰ֡Ǵ˴ΧԵڣȷıʿѾȥˡ 

Ǽ׵һβμĻ갹ϣϷʿǴ඼ϰڷҷ£ݸ裬һȻŵΧԣǴַŵģѪȵģű˵Ұչʾǵ˵Ϸٻǲ裬ôصΧԾǾƣѪӿȥԴ󷢣׳ҡ 

[쿴ǹˣ] 

վϵǸ߸ϣһ۾Ϳʮƥϵʿߺţ¹硢⯡֮ķ׷״˳ 

ѾгסͲĵˣȴûжȵ[Ũ]ıϣһ˿ȻЦƣ۾¸ΧԳ 

Щ̫ء׵ĿɨЩȻرڲݴеĶЩȫװǰԵ˵СǵҲͽȻ޹ֻҪߵһźĵǹͻǵ壬Юžļ߾ͽ˺ǵƤëԹͷӥצܳΪȥ֡ߵ³˻Ƕһ裬׸ҪǿƲ¾ΪмΪ֮顣 

ײµֽ߬ȭͷﺹ乵ģµƤȫѾ 

[໡] 

ɽּͻȻĺľڲǸӻſֵɢ񱼡ţһͷ׶ͻһԾڸһʿӲק 

[ѽ] 

һӻʧɫŵòֵ۾ȴˣһѳе䵶߸߾ٹͷն£ 

[Ũ]һȳ˳ȥѵȵòͷ˵Թһ·Хųڡ 

[СƤӣ] 

ִе籼׵ңңýӰѾ۵[Ũ]ٳ߿⡣ݺ۳ҵǣĮĮĺƾɽ¡ 

䣬ǴСϰǹ󰲷ųŮӣҲθף󡣴ʱɽҰ񱼵ˣ֮Ͻʣ˼׼Ӻ͹ū 

ֵĺЦˡǶЦģǾԵ볰ŪʤߵſЦ 

[㣬ҵĶ֣] 

ģȴģԼȵȻԽ˵ˣû֮ǣѱĵ׵ǹ֮յʧȥǣȫû뵽Ļôһɵ֮˵óġ 

[ӣȥ] 

˼Уڷ붼ػӳеޡƤƳɵı[˻]ػգĺϣʱһѪۡ 

ʹ˻һȻǰܳųڣֱֱֳȥ 

[ѽ]׾[] 

عͷֻܾӲҶ伱̳֮һĨӰҡҡλΣʱܵһ˲䣬඼ҪֹͣˣؿԼҪĶԼԶȥ֣֪ܷ񹻵 

˲ֻϻֵתͷҲһӳ[Ũ]ϡ[Ũ]ִֶֻ꣬ͨĶ˫Ю۵Ͼ˼ֺ޴ʱ򡣵ڣѾ벻ЩֻǱܵʹҪ׷ǰ 

׷׷ΣҲҪ׷ַһر޴[Ũ]ɫĿɺɫǣǵɫܵ֡ 

ʱ򣬼Ѿ[]ˣǿſ죬ҲֻܴڵشϢߵľٵȥȫ׶ЩʲôڷЩбб⣬Ƕ㲻Ƿ磬ǧ뷢Ƥʱʹġ 

[ס] 

ХԼԼںͷʲôҲֻбײϵ֦һ· 

ǰ渡һˮ̶һҧһͷͬʱ⿪ϵ[ԡ]һ˻𣬰Ѽ׸߸ߵ˳ȥ 

[]¶ҿƽˮ棬ɽƬˮ 

ˮƴ廹ǲͣ³ȥ̹ǵ̶ˮȿֺӿ졢ܣǱָÿһ缡ȥе 

ֽŽӲˣǰããĻζˮҲڱ죬ʶʼģ֡졭ǵԶȥŮңңض˵ЩʲôѾˡ 

˯롭롭 

ױֹۣͣеĶԼޱߵسȥ 

ˣˡ 



26 

[ף] 

Ҫûɲǣбһֻ͵סʹһᣬӲˮԺƿֲ԰׵ζ촽ͣţƺڷһ֡׺ЦһЦȫûа͸徭ѾѪȫסˡ䰡ʱҪ仹Ҫ䡭 

[ף۾ңҪ˯Ҫ] 

ֿŻˣоڽ͸·̾ҪǰʧˡʹÿҪĸ̫Ϥˣ޿ɱܶǰǸҹĸþеӵʱ򣬱ӿȫ˺ѷεı˼ʹȴĪκΡǸʱֻǸֻÿĺӣױȵȨȴֻؿİԼȥ𣿲ôģսܹ;һսߣҲΪ֮ˣҪĶûκ˺ܹߣ 

ִӵһԾ𣬻[Ũ]ʰڵϵѼ׹ýģµغıϡױʱͱˣˮͻһءĻ׾ˡ 

һҲĳɡַͨ[Ũ]·Ѿ֪ϵǶôҪҲµҪʲôַ㣬ʼܡ 

ٷɱĿëƮн̤ɽԭ֮ϣչȶ֮ѭͣسż׵ĸܣθҪˣ״ӻһʶ伡һǺ˼ˮ 

ḧĺ󱳣İοʱ[Ũ]Ѿ֣ǵӪȥ̧ͷվԶǰȺĵ֮ 

׷żʧ֮к˲ŻعԼȻ˶ô޴ĴֻĹˣվԵ˶ȥһڿհ׵ġԵҲˣȻ֪ʲô£ǿΣҲµ˼֣ȻҲû˿վǱȥңؿȥ˶ĬţĿﾡη塢ĮֻΨһ˫˸ϧֱۣ[㡭] 

̾Ϣһҡҡͷ[ΪʲôͲҵĻһأ] 

˿޵[֪ˣȾҡ] 

[] 

߿ˣܹһͷŭʨǸˣȻҲȲˡǸˣһжΪֻȥһ˳۵ĵˣǣʲôͼȻ˸飬ԸȥɺеһǸӡɵӣ 

ɫŨƴƮ˹ƶ֮ϣŨҵɱңңƿնŨԽƮԽվϵѾܹɭݺĿ⡪͸ѪϢĿɨ˶ڵء˻ϣԵΪĿݼ[Ũ]߹ȥˣָûһۣе˶ֻΪѾûʲôˡ 

ֱż׽ĴʣеҽҲȫ˽ȥȻַ׷æµ̿𡢽ҩ̺ӡһشȥûٸҵһ³ΪڶùˣֱڶϲǰϷʱѾɱˡ 

ҹĴů紺̿ȼգʱ΢[ž]˺ƤӵĴϣغƤƤܱ͸ʸС˳Ľëһ£ϣͶһȦڵӰӡΪ̫ݵԭӰ˿˾ᣬ·һܻڴϣҴҴǣ׳ſۣµӳŻȻô峺 

֣[ô] 

[ûûҵôѵˣǴ]Ħü޽ǣ΢Ц 

׺ͣЦϣ[ǺǣǴ]˿ƿˣ[׺䡭ؼҡ] 

[ļңףҲȥ]ĴƼת˹[Ҳ뿪ҡ𣿰ף] 

һȻȴʵشģ̡ܹӵϥĴǰ߰ͷ֮ľࡣĺڼ׳Ƥϣʹһ£[ס䡭] 



27 

ȵŽ굥ļֱ۽ţ֮ûһ˿϶ֻɪһƬеҶָӺ޲ܰȥֻ䣬ȴ֪ʵں¡ 

̬ķչδĽһеһж·һĿȻΪ̫ˣú£֪ǰԨɣȴǵòȥԼܻܿ÷ǣԼҲһȥˣͲֺʵǶ˵ǶԼǸϲŨ鱾ԵĺӣѾԼ˵ңԶˡײޱ룬عסֵľ 

ůĴǻĶͷűɨ۽޺ͱǼ⣬Ĵϡѱſ죬Ӧֵǡɬӵƣһ㿪Ŭѧϰ鰮ļɡֻǴϧζİǣ޹ܿȼճɢŨɫϢΣϷ 

[ס] 

ֳ壬ɳƵ̧Ŀˮǳǳԭ峺Ŀţ񵴻ơ׵ƤȾһ㵭ɫͶ˼ɫӰЩ԰·˶һξУңԶС 

ô᲻ֱۣÿյģԼʲôҲûУĻܹܲʹࣿĵ͸ý֯ŨüԾšᡣ 

ЩظȥѰ׵ĴЩͣҧ˼׵⣬ζڼ׿ǻӿͻʹоüһ£Ѹٵأָѹסյֵ֣ﳤŴֲڵĺ룬ҵ壬ǷݴֲҲ̵ڱÿһ缡ϣѶµӡǣҵʹļУ¶޹ؽҪˣ֮ޣı֮֮࣬𣬻׿ڴӦŮģҪеŵԣƺˣɢˡֻʣԵӡƴסֺʵļ磬ʹһֱϴܵԺϵ޷ϢƲסӿ˳ʪ޽ǣ䦳һˮաҲͿˣĳݼ䷭ţţһֱû³Ҳȥˡ 

һ˵֣졣 



28 

ԵĶض顣פӺʦʰٹټڹеԶʮӭ֡ƵȺУûпӰӡ 

Щ£֪ı˾ǸıˣҲܲˡ 

ݣѾ 

˽ǳΪµĳ輧һСشΰľԵߵΪɱˡЩԱͿ߶ļ߸ݶЩִ⣬ʵһıǵ죬Ϊı޹ܺߡ˶ֱͬӦǰģֻ˼׵аתһûȥ룬ҲûԸȥ룬ֵڵϵģô׵˼׵а 

ʵʹǵóĵգҲõԴӵ޾ġ̫ˣƶϵˣԶԶȴ˸Ĥĸо׽ֻ书֤һµսƷϾʱȻϸϸ棬ȴҲ˶ѡ 

ײǸΣģĻģΪЦΪޡô꣬ΪľĴսȨһʱպյߡ¾ԭ˽ֿѺͳҲȫȻ֪ȻֻǸںɻµСӣȵؿ˭ȥȴηֵҪ˵ָůůطüʱ־ã׾Ǹָˣ԰ȫؽˡ 

Ѿ[Ũ]תӼ̬꽫Լַ¶Ľ׳ֱϣȻ䣬͸ָ⴫ůպƵһ¡ 

̧ĿֵļԽȥһ⽻㣬һĨڽЦϸողųȺеڷ곶ǡ 

ֻϹӲſڿŻʱǱȺҪ컹Ҫİ⣻ֻɵӲŲ²ǰˣ֮䵽һʲôĹϵ 

[㱳ҡ] 

ҵĿؿߡ 

״ݶᶨҲĿػش[磬ֻҵԡ] 

ϵɫǲš 

[磬ҿ㷢ġ] 



ȵʱ֣ڵÿȥ˵ͥ԰졣ĺɫֵͩ£ֵ˶վͬһƬӰǱ˴˼ȴָúܿ 

[磬ҿԷģҾֵӡ]̧ŵ죺[ǣ磬ҲҪҷһԡҪӦңԲᰮ֡] 

ѪɫɵȥˣĬԶӹһֻãת뿪ˡ 

ڻнģıӰ׾ýҹķ羹Ȼ˵ɪ 

Ѿ̫𣬵죿㲻ϴӦңǲǴţѾ޿صذǸˣ 

׻ͷķϸеޱȵͳء 

ΪʲôҪǵĳأ 

֡ 

ҹۣһӳ˯ա¹Ӳ΢΢Ͼ촽鶼һҸ 

˺ǰһμʱǶôĲͬ 

ʱֵϻδøɵѪŵĿ⣬ôĲп׺ݣ˲ε벻ֿһʱı飬ȷ˵ֵʱûؿʱע⵽Ļֻᷢʲôأ 

ֻҲ𣿻𣿼ЦˣԭԼȻҲһٵġ 



29 

[Цʲô] 

ָպѹͿЦݡ 

Цţȥ°Ϸĺ硣ֵͷȥ촽ڼ׵ָϣһϸϸܵǡ 

[ףʱ룬㾿ǲɵӣ]૵˵[㲻ɵӣǸ֣רԻҵ֡] 

[֣]Ц[ֻ֣ˣҪ㡣] 

굽ֵĻҧ·ֻݵСè§סţȻ[ףҵӰɣҪҵ] 

ʹǰͻȻһԨҲеͷĿѣǼ൱ˣȻһɵӣһˣһ˹֮˭Ƿˣ 

[򲻿ɣ] 

ճ֮ϣʦΪ׵һ೼ʹļ׵طڵܯ£ջس 

[Ϊڹ֮ǵݼߣѪͳ߹֮ŮӲʤΡǨ֮޵ǲףҪΪ޵֮ڹأ͢ƶȲϰǼǻɣƷƵߣΪͽǱЦʢ꣬ҪҲ֮ŮӣҲյ֣Ҵɽ] 

[˺ˣӵͱ߶ˡ]ֲ͵ػִϰ׷ϳѪ֮ǣ[ȥ룬ҲʲôƶȣЩ˶ģڱȺҵǣЦЦȥɡ] 

[] 

[ݻع] 

ϵһ粨ڼԤ֮СҲǴǣǵķӦ뷨ۻȻġ 

λѾãĸӲһ֮֮ϵ޵λֻ˶Ϊݷ˳ţĸһֵ̳ģ÷ƣ֮λ綼ģ˲ŶҰġ񣬰·ɱӲҪλãƫȴǸɵӣòֲڣȻ갵壬ȴǱ˹ͽûܽ˷ĵطֵĳ谮ôˣ˶֪ɿľǾĳ谮˵ʱﵱһţʱˤɰ˰Ҳˮתָ־ء谮ģŵٺ͸߹ȴʵʵڵģ˭Ϸ 

ȴ˼һΪڰı˲˵ǵ졣ֵҪѳֺ󹬣ר衣һȴΪǰռ⣬ȴԼֵܺᵶᰮҪλ䣬ﶨܡô룬ȴԼͬػ£ҵǰҪͽӭ뵤ʾãһ˼Ҫ֣˳ٻϽ͸ζ 

ҵǰδе 



30 

ʱҵС 

ŵƹִ㣬ɨͥ԰ľҶųͷչﳣǵڱòϵšɨصĶ滺ᣬе÷ǳϸ˼ȴģϸµװͥ԰ͤѩӰ廪˹ 

ֳˣԼȥסǸˣܹůһ㡣ǣҡ 

ֵĻӰһϣĵǡκ˶ӽį꣬˽߹Ľ֪֡ǰľģΪΨӢǰ˲Ż¶΢Ц΢Ц·ؼеĻͬʱţһԵԼҪһЦĸо 

ҵĴԽԽˣ˶˵ϲһߵߵɵӣǸɵ˵ĵܵܡ 

š 

ѵϻܱ˸ôѵϻ˭˸ֵðôǸ׵¹ҵ԰ĺӰΨһܸ˵ӡ˫۾峺͸ȻôҲ޷ȣ̫֮өһһڵأţᰮˡ 

ϵ˭˵أƫƫϲɵӣ͸ָ䱦ѷʱȥοһȻҪˡǾ˵ײǸҪˣˣһµĵ׺ 

Կѵģõȴһˮ 

޺޵أƵذɨصشӵЩͨͨɨЩǣǾһȺ겻ɢĶ飬ϲ˵ʲôӽԺҪֵˡǸЦģһһεѾ˺۵ĿĨΣѵҲ˱Ʒ 

[] 

ʯϵ[]Ȼһ߿죬ˮѸٻӶָ䱼кÿһɲ޷˵Ҳ޴˵»ɣ಻ʹ顣 

ۣҧŴϸ׵Ѿݵ۵Ĵȥˣ߳Ѫ顣оʹеĸ飬ʹࡢıˡķŭԹȫҵָϣڽıϲʣ˺ҧ֪Űص࣬ʲô취йЩһͣƲסԼҪһе 

˰ɣ˰ɣ˰ɣ 

[]˵[㣬Ǽףĵܵܣ] 

ԣײ״Ӧҵģӣ 

[ɵϣɵϣ㾹Ȼһƭµˣ] 

ֻҪ 

[ΪҪ֡Ϊ˰Ҫ] 

Ҫ 

[ģѵŮҪô£ΪĿ겻ϧһеġ] 

ҲģҵģҴΨһľ 

[ڻҪ㿴αװɣôôиɻôģ˭ỳĻıҲܺߣﻹõı㰮ֺ˭ľʲôϵ] 

Ұ֣ 

[ѽĪǻӣרдĵǻôۣ͵͵˵졣ԾĸһʱĻͼ顣ȷǰ㲻򼾰׷ġҪϾݰ] 

Ҳô 

[ôֹܹ뵽а취] 

ֹǵģҪֹֹ 

걧ϥҹ¶ϣŵúܽΪڷͣط 

ҵŸ꣬ļҧߵĶ䣬˲ 

еʪʪĸо귴ȥĨŷԼᡣΪʲôأǱ˵ٴΣڰٻʢͥ԰ﵯģתģԶƮŵĻ㡣һΪʲôҪأ겻ͣȥĨȴߵһͣع䣬̵Һ䵽ζĿɬ 

ôȥ˻ġ־鷢Ȼʵڲ֪ô졣 

Һãͣˡ 

ѩίҷأһѪ죬Ķǡ 

[٣Ҫȥһ޵] 

򶨵÷·Ǹ㵯һҹٵ˸Щ䣬ЩĮȻ 

[ǣ] 

깪شϵĵȴˡ 



31-32 

[ҵ] 

[ǣҼ빫ǰȥ] 

ǰͷת֮꣬ȻҲûвϹصĵط˾ޱĿ֮żȵĵ⡣ 

Ҳѹ⹬£ûм˲ΪȥҵӦӵеٺͰ衣٣׻ǵõ˵Ҫͽʨķūǵ 

[ǾԲᱳҵģ] 

ô˵Ȼɡ 

ǣĹȻãҪȴδ̫һЩ 

[ͣһȥ] 

ηӵվԵĽ̡ 

ȻȴϿ˸ͷ[Ҽ˵빫һȥ] 

ָɿˣһ£ش[áðɡ] 

⣬ֻǵԤеһΪʵʱ侲缾ףҲζֲܹҵΡ 

㵽Ҫôأ硣 



һεģֻʣˡ 

Ѿһѣīĳɢڰɫѩɴϣֱͦ¶һĹ°Ȼ΢΢¹ŵģͷڸ˵ϸľȴ°֮͸һģ·Ѿܹͬһ֧ͷ­˵ӵЦǰмһ˵ 

ׯϵʮ֮ǰҲܹݸ٣Է²֮ȴӺӵеϡòֲ֮ܵӵ죬ѾȫرֵҲҵ˵ĵô 

׻ǰǸĺŮٵȥڵĸ߹ֳǸʱǶ֪ŮǸп֪˽˶ı䡣 

֪㻹ᷢҪҵ 

ûиݵĻײȥʡʱ䲻ܵݣͬҲٴظ˴˵Ѿıˣּû塣 

飬ǵ춼ģΪʱ˵̫ݳޡԼҲףԼȺȲ裬 

[]֮İϣͩľᣬµһӦþ߱Ϸ绪ôΨһһŵδĶĻر˭˽ⵤʹͱˡɺӰѪλϣˮš 

[硭ҹһ޵ٰɣ]ʡ޵ҵ֮䲻ԪôҹտţҲ͸ܴԶĲߵģԥȫһҹδϢ֪ 

ʵȥҲ֪ 

ڰɫϵ֣ʮָѾȫƤ۵ָճ˿ڣЩ˿ȻڲͣѪǰ󡣶߶ԣָҪǿ۾֫ݡȻйäҲܳΪߵǻû˵ĸûֵܵ 

ʹѾǿҵΪߵĽֵĸǲѾŮҵԶȥ˵Ĺʹ갵ĸ֮أ 

˼š 

ڼ׵⣬ֻǵ[]һ 

ȥ÷һߵĲָʱֺܿһ¡һֻӹ˲Ǽס 

[ɣ硣]裬׷²[ֺʹ𣿺αҪŰԼأ] 

[ʹ] 

ഹĿ⿴Լ˫֡˵ʹǲܵģ鲼ϵÿһ˿ڶʹľ񾭡бʹģġ 

Ħָ˿ڣǱ߳һ΢ЦֻЦ⻹ûִѾʧˡ 

[ʹһʹϵʹʲôأ] 

˵ʲôȻѾȻĵģѾ׼ܵҵָ𡣱Դ־Ѿʧȥһе壬ܣҲ޷ڵǰ˵ָֻ˵ľԴһ֪ 

[ΪʲôҪôΪʲôҪ˶ң] 

ͷԿԿɫ˵Ĳ԰ס 

̾˿˺죬ľ뵤һɼĿࡣ 

[Ϊ㰮֣һ㲻Ӧðϵˡ] 

[أ㲻һĴ] 

Ǽģ̱ 

[ûҵϣ죬ҾԶһ㣬ǵĳˣ갹СѵŮ˵] 

[ô˵Ϊ˱𸴹Žӽֵģһ鶼ûУ] 

һ˿ЦŹ֡ 

[죬ѵҪѪĴûҲֲܰſ] 

üʹǹȨıеĹĶǣҲûƣۡ 

춢ͬʢİɫĵһɫ˫˾Цݣ 

[ʵŵġһ˲š] 

߻عͷȥȻ㿴֡ 

վҵſڣѾʧȥ˱̿հɫģ͸˫ͫضǰܵǰδеĴˡ˵ĳأʹ޷˿ȼеɻ澿ǳڷŭԹ޻߻ʲô 

ԭĽܱйصĳ鵽ʱɢΪ³Ѽףֲûȥ޵ǻԼԪϢԪҵԶȥҲ֪쵯һҹ١ʹ֪أȫϵڼϣٹ˲õˡ 

ȴԼˡ 

[ҵ] 

йڽµ꣬ͷĺڷѹɫıԵôĴ䡣 

ĵֵ̰ʹʹ 

Ͼǳˣ˵ûзŹǲܵ¡ѾŲֻʱһһĥȥİǣѱֻΪһ˶תҲࡣһο쳯΢ЦʱѣĿݹҫۣ֪Լշ˶ֵͿֱĿ 

Ϊϲļˡֱĳһ죬һƾ䵽ıŻȻԭϲ֮⣬һָ˫峺׵ʱĻϲüҪĶˣҸĸоԶԶκ֡˵һʼ˼־ڽӽ׵ĻôѾȫѼĳԡ 

ڹɽǸҹڲ֪ļײǰ֪ĺͲ֪ŲҪ״߶ߣΪԸеһСٹһ˻ˣԼȥĿ־Ҫһεȥԡһʮʱ䣬ҪþֲпķűԼнѳһΣԻ 

[˼˵ף] 

۾һЩѡþȫܹάסְȻ̬䣵ֻһ仰ʹŬʧܣ 

[Ҵû󰮰һκˣ졣] 

ۣӨˮӡ߽ˣȴ˵ĴһҲòƣ[סֻһӰ] 

ΪʲôϰһҲϰңѵûÿôѵҲôѵһлô 

尾ţţҲ𰸡 

[ϣΨһܹȫεˡ] 

¶΢ЦݡҲΪߵıɣȻվǷ²ĵйӣΪݣĴĲҡҵľƺʳҪнֲ̳Żԣ֮ǰҲȼ̣ȷûκĶֲŻ¡һĤദǸˣôܻ׵ذأ 

ԽԽǺޣܹȴҪ׽֣Ȼһȴ̶԰εԼƭȴܹõָļף 

[]̲סЦһֱЦԼȥ³һѪתֲȥǵѪ̧ۣͷʱɫ䣺[ҪҪʶʶε˵Ŀأ] 

㵽ңȫһ͵˵ 

ǳ侲ƿﻥײʱ䣶͸ϤǸģһζСǻ 

ĵһ˿֫Ѫӹȫ·Ҫˡ 

̸ǲܸŵֽĶ䣬ÿһͣ٣ÿһȫ˵ޱȡ 

[ǵĳˣ갹С] 

[Ϊ˱𸴹ŽӽֵġһҲûС] 

[ûҲܰ֡] 

ְֻһЩΪʲôÿһֶһصĿϣѾܹܹоҲܹȥˡؿںʹʹ޲ʹȥſԲȥ룬ԭǸһֱĺǻСȻĻǵƭ 

ֻΪ˻װҲͰˣΪʲôҪƭĸ飿㾡У޷ظһ֮ȴ˳صһ 

ףúݣ 

ֵʶذס䵶ݺݵضŶ䵭תͷ꣬Ȼһγ䵶׳˹ȥ 

иХ֮һӭͷ£ 

ƽͷҲôȻȥĿ⾹Ȼȵ䣡 

Ϊʲôɵˣȴӵ˳γ۾ 

ֵַŶ䵶ڰգǣȥ 

˫۾ûа취ȥ 

ãػֱۣԱߵͭƼϣ[]һƼܷյ״ɵյˤڵϣһء 

[ҹ] 

˻ߵشɫȥͬŴӵظĹȡ 

վؿ˺ӣû˵һ仰ֻ΢΢أ㡾һ֮ǺͷȣǷǷתȥ 

ھµʱסţŲ֪ʲô¶ãȻվ갢һЦ[а٣] 

[ǣ] 

ٲֻ̻ش𣬼״˿ɢȫͬڸղŽʱǸ԰ų꣬ʹûа취ȥ䵭 

׳ȥ[ллһֱչ˵죬ԺҲˡ] 

δ׹ѾͷҲصԶˡ 



33 

޵⣬صż׵Ĺ 

֪ΪʲôӼ׸Ű뿪һ͵Ͼһ㲻ơ˵˵׸磬ֵܼ˵ЩܵĻڳҲ֣øȥʲô˼أǲ壬һ;ʲôǺã 

ſʶشתҧסԼ´ʮ꣬ԼΪȨơƸĳ谮˷Ŀѳɳ黹ǰҶ˺ͳϼˣ˫ûСһ˯һ᲻÷ֿõĸ顣ǣΪ͸Ҷһ֧ӣϼֻһ֧ͨϹҶ˵һ˫۾˫˫乬һˡ˵ʱ򣬻ű˴˵ĺϵҲһģһġ 

ʹ˸ʱֵģԺķѾЯ˼ȣȻȴоһһĺӿ 

ż׷ɻڴЩ꣬ǽݣ̹£ǿͿͽӭ粻ǶԴǸ׸Сū̬ˡТǮȻ٣˼ǷծһԺ䰲ɩǵ۾绨ʲôȣһһӵϸϸĦʱ·һĻϲ룬[Ǽˣ]һ̣ޡ 

ûмףͲһС¶˾ģһӣƴҲҪάӣ 

Ͷţͷٸɼȥȥ౨֡ 

Ӱһ 

[ӡ] 

ʹϲæӭǰȥҪߵǰȴȻס˽š 

дʲôһĶ 

[͡] 

׵Цţ˵ͷ 

[ӣû°ɣ]õԤԽԽǿңЩ 

[û¡]׾뵡شۣ췢ֻ̫̫࣬ˡ 

վڿռŵͥԺ룬ȥԿʢĻԺ޵ķܡһǰһ峿ҲվҪľǶԻǴ֮ڵ죬֣֮ĹϵڿԸһˣǶǴһжء 

[ͣȥʰһҵĶ] 

ò˶ãִּͻϲֽصȥˡ 

ӵȷԾ 

Ͱռ׵ķԸ˼ѺһЩƷֽȥһòˣڵϡ 

ڵ̺ϣߵĿλʾͣ[ʲô¾ʰɣԺֻûôĵطˡ] 

ԥ˰죬ǰˣǽļףȴЩηĸоûа취ֵǰ 

һЦ[°ɣվ˵۵úܡ] 

Сض 

̾˿[ҵбô𣿾Ȼô¡] 

ɦɦͷ֪ôشźá 

Ȼ֪ڼȥҵһĹ򣬵׷Щʲô飬װ׵ģǰѾȫָˡһ˽ˣȥʱһˣ췽ҹ̷Ĺ£ֻֿܣһ漣˱ûз裬ƭеˡ 

ŵģҪ˵ȫԼ׳һرתҲ˵ѣǱƭϵĲ죬ѸٷӦһȴǣһ˰ˮ©˿ҪĻҪǿͶ侲жµĻ˾Ȼֻ˫ʮ꣡ 

һˣβ£ôܹ̩Ȼ֮ʲôҲû 



34 

׺εȴֻǷԥ֪ʲôˡ鲻Խ¶һ˿ЦǵСʱڹĴ棬ЩεعĶǣҲ˵ĺºȻʱҲأ޵ܹظıһô 

˰֣׵סԼƣ˫ۣ[ˣ߰ɣڻܳȥɣȥͲҪٻˡ] 

ȫһ[Ҳ뿪ӣ] 

ɬȻһЦ[ǣ۵ġﻹȥлϥ£Т˳ֻ꣬صǲյɺöˡ] 

[]ڵϿ˼ͷ̧ǰǿ˵[ɩչˣйӸǮûҲʲô⡣ǹӣûпӦôܹеĶǹӸģΣʱṫӶȥһ˵ǰʲôûܹ¹ǣˣôǲ뿪ģ] 

ĿΣ̾Ϣ[ȻǸģ׺εºܡɣҲҪȥʰЩĶҸ˸ӸţЩǮǡһοɲ֪ҪʲôʱųҲһӶٲˡ] 

ҧ´ҡҡͷ 

[ּ] 

ּټߵ͸޵ĿŲ촫ݽ;һĿͶ򼾰ϣҲ΢΢԰˫գüȻҲǽŵġ 

ֵּһ缾ԤϵֻǽǲּƽÿֶĨúܵƽٹһȫּʱΡ 

׽ӹ˻ƾּ绻˸˰㣬ЦضԼ˵[ôŴˣڴͷϣȰȰᵽȥס죬ȴˣҪӹӻġ] 

΢΢һЦŭ̬Ⱦ˿ּٶûɫġЩ˴⣬չɫǳԷı£ּŭ֮£ȴ᲻ּٲ˵ⷬʾá 

ȡָһöӣּ׸мص[лˣһСС˼ɾ⡣] 

ּ͵ۣǽӳλ͸ɫãЦ˸Ҿ[̫ˣô˼أ] 

Ͽң[𣬰Ǵ̹֮ĵطˣչŵ㡣] 

ּ۾гһˣЦ[ֻܷģ׵ġ] 

ڣֵ[ʰʰɣ·ʲôĲ㣬ǵط̫ϸ] 

Ͱ[ʰˣأҪô] 

ּ̽ͷЦ[ӿɱģⶼǹĹءƹˣûصĶ] 

ͱ˰ڼ޵ţͷȥʱֻصĹһȵعϣ̲֡סתͷȥϵ顪ļףȵװʱĪ⼸֣ǺŵȻЦ⣬˼뾹ǰҲ¶⻪йЩ޾ϲŭԹƺǵּһ𣬱׵Ժˡ 

ӵģҲδ̫ˡ 

ôʱûע⵽ŵһ˿ȻϾ˽ǰӣûмֻǹӼʱӡ 

ʱŮ˵[ף̫ˣ] 

ΣٿȨŮ֪ΪһֱǸҪ 

ȽӵҪӲö࣬ϵָ⣬ҲȻ̫߰ˣ߰öȨмһˣҲܳΪһ 

ӲԼıģ̹ǵĺУûûҹߵķУװɵߵļįУһַ֣һ磬ӲĥӲԭ͵ӡ 

ӹ갵һ𣬼ѵʶٲǸˮ꣬ѽһ䲻ԸȴҲòȥĲ֮· 



35 

ڼ׵ӰٴʧΧǽͬʱȫӺߵĽϣһңԶķעǸɼĺڵ㡣 

ڴ֮ңңֵ۾ٺãҲܿü׵Ρȴһֱţݺݵҧһ䵽͸׺Ŀţţš 

ģٲҪƭǵͷСȥģǱ˸ˣˡӦúǸ˵ģ°ǧҲݡȻǶôӣԼ׵İûƭʧΪ޶ң˶ǶѾ˹ǡԭҲҰ޵ģһ¶צҲǰδеĲ̣ʹҲҪ˺ñˣѪģ 

ױּ½乬ͬʱһģҲٴηĺ̶ 

ֵı仯ϵڳܿܵˡ 

ڶ죬ûϳǻΪǴˣ̴ȴõһ벻Ĵ𰸣[ڳŵδ] 

ŵ·ˣ΢ԭ˹еŮʱף̺˲ģ㽫ԼŮ˹ȥּλ󹬣·ҲһŮ̽ӣжЩ̾ĵ˼λ·ͱִ࣬òҲδг֮ȫȨ֮ģֻĬĬסڳŵȥע⡣ 

Ҫ˵̰ɫ·ȴǸûܺĻ˵ֻһδ£ƺûôأһҲ͸ɢȥ 

գûϳһ˵[ҹ࣬δѡ] 

࣬־ȻûϹһãϴ߶ߣҳѻᡣ 

ڳţЩѹﲻǼĴ£еر߾еذûֵּ⣬һ첻ɡ 

ʦֻԼ̶̵һＸʮ꣬ÿҪ񣬻ҪһһĴԹ߿ֽ̰࣬취Լһ佫ΪҪòãһӰʦĴŸ˸󶴡 

һӾԸԽԽ׵ͷͺʱ̾˿֪Լòðˡ 

ʵҲûȥҹֶֻ֣Ų˭ҲҴȥùͷЩֵƢ޳ʱΪһЩС±Ƣʳ޲սսӣҹޡȻҪŪԴ̫ûҪˡ 

Ҳ˭·ˣϾסһūڰ˴Ů裬ֱӴȥϳ͢ţ֪סԶԶǿŰ׷ԲԵͷ͸Ͻ㿪ˣһ·ֱͨ 

ƽ˿֮ָ߾̨ϣһһؽҺ㵹ż̧ɨһ̨µȺü輧ȶӶڴ¡ 

İһԣֵ۾ǵĺͽǡҵ飬֪һֲµһѩѾȻֵķǸйءǰֳָ˫峺ӣ·ǳüףȴʧСֻ¾˫۾ţȻ֪ȥΣӣȻĪȻЩ΢ҡҺܹɱ˸á 

һ˿ңתͷȥǡ׷ϳƿһ·̨̣ 

һ¾վˣִ̨ꪵʿӵȥסݣȴ˵ˣ[] 

ׯصֻͭףɫľƽҡţӳһ΢΢͵ 

[ʦʲôҪ] 

˿̧ͷ뿶´ʣȴضֵ 

ȫһʱְλ̫ӸոտԪ鷿żͯعͷý͸龯ضһѧһֻСޣ⡣ 

Ǹʱ򣬹ոƽϢһңֵĸ谮˾ⳡ֮С 

Һ߻иˣһдһЦݵкӣӶ[㿴ʦĺͷɽ] 

ԭٲƺʹΩ²ҵĶӣֶСøոչԼʦģǿ۾һ˿ʱ̾еĽߡԭٲ˱κ˶̫ӵ° 

ֻȴȥһԭٲľ 

ڵ֮֮䣬ѧԨԴӲȴŰ塣ֺ󹬵Ļˣ絤֮²Ҳսȥö֮زʲôҲÿԼˣҪüͷֻΪ⳼ڹָֻţ˵ֲ֪㣬߲ܡܱôһ£²졣 

˼ǰĹϳѾԶԼҴ˷ʧԭںЩĵŮ˺ˡٴҾʹļ׵ؿڵ[࡭] 

Ļֻ˵һ룬̷ľ׸ˡ 

ڰ̨϶ݺݵصͶͭơ 

ݼûоʹֱʺѪҺģһƬʵĺɫʶԼˡ 

е˶Ŵˣͣе輧תȫؿѪͣشʦݵĶͷð£ʪ˲Բ԰׷ 

ǵһعģ˵ǰŮǸֹѪЩعʱȻʶԼȻվֵǰ档 

ʱɫòҰף˵Ҳҡҡ׹Ȼֲûȥڵ˺һһϯȥٲЩôճ 

ȫѰͻŭˡֱվһֱǽߣ˻ȻãȻ״̬֮С 

ܹסԼҵ֮ǰŵǸȥһصڣһķܣ治һĨǸڵ 

ˡ˿ɬ룬ɱҲ̫ˡ 



36 

ʦݱˣϢ˳Сת۾ʹ⣬ӺİǶ˵ˡ 

Ǳ彨ĹңȴʦصϰףһΪʦΪûκδġ 

Ϊʦ־þͶʦȻΪҲǼĹˡҰ۷׷ףʮѾ׼ֱɣҪָٹһ͡ 

Ȼδлعʱݵ¼Ȼһַʽٶݣ 

εǡ󽫾ɻ 

ɻפϣɽܣʪȣľɽӣºսм°ᣬɱ˷Ż𡣶Ϣӱ䲻ȴҲ½ϵһǿռк֮㣬񣬼ɱı߽磬ɻȥˡ 

Ϣӱ˼ο󣬲֪˴һ֮ƣȻϷ壬Χ߾ϢӱҵвݽǮ㹻άֳıÿ֧ϤΣϹͻϮֶͨҩͻϢԼ˲ 

ɻ̽ϢԺױӺԮȴӺתŶȥ 

ɻӵµķɸ봫סҲˣѱ߾ʮԼһ˿ӱޣҹ̵ظϻӺ 

糾սڵɻϹһϿܵҵȥٵ֡ 

һΣ˽ѵҪסɻʲôҲû˵ֱȭȥ˸۵֮ˡ 

ͤУʮָӢͷףѣ΢ϣӳüѩһ㾧ӨǱ΢Ц⣬веľ 

ֻһ֧ϹСӳļӣֵѷɫڴְ൯¡ 

[ϰңϿ] 

ȻΪʲôֻϤĸҥȻ˵Ѿõͯӡ갺ӷˮҷĲݵأϹʪůķ磬ŸСβһİס 

ף 

ϵָ͵һһˡ 

ʱɻô佫еĴִɤڸǸʧܵɣ 

[] 

[ϳȥ] 

ֲȻŭ 

ɻŭЩͷԣֱ㶵ؼе[Ϣӱͷ˵ˡ] 

[ϳȥն] 

ּŭ֮£˵ʲôǰʿѾӵǰץסɻļ򣬽˫Ťɻ[ʲôнҪǷſң] 

[ɻҪɱء] 

ɻųĵһʿʿ˲٣ʱȴҲá 

[ɱңΪʲô] 

ɻĳͷβĺͿˡ 

[] 

һмĺͷɢس˽һڵʧʹޣ 

[ˡɣմӱ߹ػʲôҲ֪] 

[] 

ɻӵСɻ󲻽ؿֿ֡ 

󽫾ɻվһ𣬾ûܹµǵãΪ̫һˡ 

ɻȥٱ϶ʮ꣬ʵȰ˴ֺ꣬ԭꡣ 

Żӣɻ͸Ϲɳȡõһʤʱʮ꣬ȴѾǰٷˡľʹòϳɣԸԭо൱񶾵Ļݣ[ţǣҲţൽɳϱҰţ] 

Сʱ˴ܣɻһȴһΪԭȽǣ˭Ҳʤ֣ɻǴ򲻻֣ǱʵʹˣԵ첲һǾǳҪòοֻǰɻ׳мѵֵѾޡ 

һɻȥˣ֪̾áͷĻ֮Ӷ˷±ֱҵյ汩[ն]һ򣬰ʯϣľĳһ±̽ƣȻʹѾϾȥ˼ˡǰĹŮͽ̣ͳȥֻ;Ȳֳһˡ 

ֻҪ˴ͷ˵ҲһЩڳĹỤ̊ɻʿȥ뺰[] 

ʱѶģͷϻŰײĹԼڳȫ˷ڵϣΪɻ顣 

ҵ⣬ѻѻعˣͤ￴ȥҲľ 

飬ڷŹɻԴٴ塣 

ۼ⹢ֱ񣬳൨ĵĽһڵս۱ѣֱѪȾ͸ʼȴȴûһ󳼶סתȥٿ 

ӯӯȴվҲûֳñҲͲٿˡ 

뿪ҵʱ߹ԣżŵ̾Ϣ[꣬] 

ؿֻܴʵ̧۾Űˣ߰ȻЩ֮⡣ 

˲ûЩŹݿһǿִ꣬ȴ޷ΣжˡϵɫѾ˼ֱŵۣһһ˵[죬ҵ˼] 



37 

µʪȵܡ̫Ʋ治ĵͷȴ¶߿жˮݡźƵƷֱֱȥĳȸᡣ 

Ĵ⣬һûһµҡţɹĥʣһˡ 

벻ȵ﹫ôܹסһ¯ӵĻһۣݵӰ񵭶·ûκܴŵ 

ӡѶء 

͵תӣȱ˼ͷ 

붼벻Ĵ󸻹󣬹ȴԥط֣ЩǷѾĻȡĴĳ谮ӾҲ˵ҪͲҪˡΪٻЩʧ䣬˭֪һ̤ż²ȥ㡣 

[֪ͣô]СһкӲͷ˵[ǰԼ˵춼ƴЩ㽲ѽŶ҆ء] 

[Ŷ]֪ôشźãģֻǶǵطһ򵥵ڡ 

[ˣ֪Ǹѻڲڡ] 

һתۣӾȻߣѣȥˡ 

󡭡󰡡ʵûˣֻ۾ָ͵͵ơ 

[,쿴,С!] 

[,ССССģ] 

ߵĴ񷢷һԼļ԰һֱԷȥ·ʤϾ 

[дӣͰͱ] 

[ͣ]ӽסȥ[ˣֻڱԼļңûдΪԼҪĶֶΣˣֺοССأ] 

[Ϊ˱Լֶ𣿡ӵĻûģԡͲҪ] 

[ž]һȥ첲һС̲Ѫһֻӵʬ塣طҪرЩһһʹʱ򣬻ɴѬ޵ 

˵صѾнµʱˣճǵĳᣬʼ֨֨ظŸĸѧˡӺǱһ˽ڼĽ䡣Ϊֻּ˵ҪӰԭû˵һ䣬ûᵽۣ֮ͷԵ̹Ҳֻñԭ޵ĴֻĳЩݳƷķɾⲻ̡ŮЩʹӦ֮ˣԭӦеĿʿҲڲ¸ʡˡмΣʵģ̽ųȥ߶ȻҲûһһ·ҡڵߵſڡûгƣƾһֱ߳ȥûʲô⡣ 

˵ֻ˵[Ǵ¶࣬һʱ˲ϴҰɡ] 

[˵⼸ʮ춼ûϹֻڸȾơǰЩӺˣ˹ݴء] 

һҲû¶ȵı飬ЩѾ֪һ 

[Ժ󣬲ҪȥЩˡ֪δⲻã˵ЩѾ޹ˡ] 

[ǣ] 

ǡûѽ 

ͺǳԾգգۣգգۣȻյƨһȥ[칫ӣôˣ] 

߹ȥ·ûƵģһֱߵǰվס 

żף߿Σضͬ׶һ㡣 

[ǰΪ̫ӣŮȴλ㡣] 

˵갵ƶȣ̫δʮ꣬λΪŮ̫ʮ껹̫ʮ̫꣬Ӽλǰһʱʮ꣬ꡣŮʱһʮ׸չʮ 

[ѹ˶˵֪ĪĸŮѡȷȷġ] 

[ûôݣҲûôĻֶΣ԰˶Ūڹ֮ϣƱ˵ĸ顣ҲãҲãһӡ] 

[Ѳµҽְ˵ǰ̹һУҪٵҲٵ] 

Ļһ֧֧񲻿ɵز˿ϢĻᡣʼղһԵţ֮ǰ裬˵ˣ¯ˮص[ˮˣҿΪһ衣] 

[ž] 

һֻ˦ڼϣһ࣬㽫ˮ򵹡 

뿪ˡеĴɱȻ̾˿ 

˵Ķûдһжı֮Уֵĳհֶ顣ǣԼҲ޷֪ģм䣬¯еĻػǺеˮ 

ϱ򵽵ĵطʹҲ֪϶ָӡ 

[칫Ҳ̫ˣôԴģ] 

Ͳ˵׼ҩ 

ƫͷܾˡ 



38 

ȥȥǻתſڵС̣[ι˻ô] 

С̴Ƿҡҡͷش[ûٸȥͷˡƽʱӳҲûôŵġ] 

[֪ʲô] 

ٵһּۣȥȥǻҲ֪ô£ϰ£ǲ 

ͤǰһ粨ͷβˣʱ͵صĶ˵ЩʲôͻȻ쳣԰׺;ɫȴװ׶Ƽ˵ġȥסҡҡ׹ʱ췴ץס 

[٣˵Ҹô죿] 

Եؿŵ죬شóأֻǸʨūԼ˶ƿزˣôָܹ㵤Խ򣿿ŵãȻ񣬸ָܵɵʹֻһȴֲڵǰᡣ 

ŵʱȥҪȥΪڵӸӦϺúϢ 

[ȥ]ʶظ⣬ȻЦЦݵڸǲסаҹﾲ¹⣬ʨūһҲӡںܾúܾԺʱȻ̲ס̾Ϣ 

[Ҫȥһ𰸡]챧粽нԶֻʪʪУĨȥȴԽĨԽֱ࣬ʪһƬ 

[ٸôˣ] 

СվǰͫʣʮһСӣ˵ֻ׶أ 

գȻԼ֪ 

[ٸǲˣҵʱҲޡ] 

[ǡ]ҡҡͷң[ûмҡ] 

[أ] 

[Ҳ֪Ҵûǡ] 

ٵ˵̧ͷպÿ紵İɫǡ 

[ˣ] 

͵˵Ļϲãܵǰüۼдŷĵ׵Ц⡣ 

ϸָḧϻû͸ۣ[٣ǸúӣԺҪϧԼһ㣬֪ô] 

[ǣˡ] 

[ҽҪܾõ٣ȥ˯ɣ̺ˡ] 

[ҲҿԸ˵ҡ] 

[ֻһˡ]İٵļ磬[ȥ˯ɣ] 

[ǣ] 

ٴӦˡٵʱϲԱ߸ţ˰ٲûмȥ 

ʱɫѾƣ֮Уٴʧ˵㱿ɬЦݡ 

翵Ʋ˳¹ڿռŵͥ԰ȴ͸ͤܵղͤµϸǸӰ 

ٰǰͷϣù⻬ͩľͱߵ˿Լգָϸظ¾ָһɢػͷ 

ٵ갹ѹӵ»ľ£仹ǵĦʸУȴѾ޷ٴˡֻ֪ϰٵ꣬һһ̧ͷ͸δĥµİǸʱΪ־µһУԼΪ˸ٵģߵòȫ۾±Լλ䵽ϣŮҪ򼾰׾ңûںֻǷƵĵ³ŵ 

ֱִӲǿ°Ȼ󣬲֪Уһġ 

ʲô𰡺ްںսıָ룬ҲĵĶԱĳ𣬸ĹˮˮֺαǣѵΪʲôҪѡֻ޹ļ 

ףȻпǷģҲѾ㣬ΪλҪ˶ң 

ЦԼڵĵز׹ŮǰΪʲô˵Բ𣬽ҪԹĺġ 

Ůλ׵ǿ˾ѾעΪ˼׵ҪϣΪ˼׵ĸҪĸδƽʸûСŮĸף갹Ĺʹףľҵľ 

粵Ͱɬ̾Ϣţ· 

Ǹ͸٣յһ졣 

[Ҫ׸װĸĸ]ʶԣԹ۵˾ķɡ 

粲ֹѡʦˡϲֵʱҲЦѹʱ粻һޣµĪʱ粻ϸذοʱ粲٣һ꣬Сʧ 

[Բ𣬶Բ𡭡] 

ӿʪպ޽ǣ˳ȥ粵ĻٳĬˣƺҲе˾ûа취˵ʲô 

ֲţİ٣߾ٹȻˤȥ 

粷һصĴϢءӴ˺ľƶϣв֣ҲȲµһ٣Ҳ˷磬¡ 

սȻоʹֻЩ㱵ľ⣬üͷپӦģǣģǽѡ 

һĨЦ¶ϣĶǵľޡ 



39 

Ӻһ׽Լؿڣڵϡļʹĵ᲻ƵӿŴ죬һҲֻں[]˻ 

[ӡ] 

˹ɪɪزͣ嶼һšͼȥƽϢĲȴͬ䡣 

[ӣôˣɱҰ] 

ͼôС׷۾ͫûнãȻò׼һֻ֣ץס͵·[]Ϣųؼһ֣ͻڽУ[ӣӣ˵ʲôҪʲôӡ] 

׶ѾñŤץָͣݽ͵ֱѪƿƤð 

[졭]ױͻһ£Ȼ󱻳̱ 

ʱĺɫͩѻ꣬лű꽫ĳơ 

[ˡ]ϵ;ϲ۽ǱȻ 

׵ı쳣ֻ˵Եøɬ[˶ã] 

[һһҹɰŻˡ] 

׿ıǼۿ̾һ[û£ġ] 

ƿϵı죬µأȴȻһֵϡ 

[ӣ㻹ܡ] 

ȴܼƿͣվֱ塣 

ȥ 

[ҪȥĶ㻹ҪϢ] 

͸溰׻δţֻ°µıӰͬȰƮƮؿ̨ס 

׷ȥվסݺݵض˶ţȥ˼ȥסݵļĬظһ·ȥ 

ޱߵҹɫһǰһĬš 

׵ĽŲЩģʼûͣ¡ɫ԰ֽһ˫۾ȴ˸˸⣬䲻ײ˶ҪһΪǴĸĻҹε 

ǽҹӺ˷٣ƽ߶ڵѲҹʿûôżһСӹͷ϶ŰӧԶԶ׺ͣûʲôӦС 

ȫ亹ЩڰǵİӧһشĻȼš 

˭ˣ϶Ѱˣʹ˿ĭõԤ̻ȥ͵һ̧ͷҵʵķ 

ȻǺõĲ黵Ӧޱȡƽڵ筺칬Ѿذ׵ֽƣ̾[]һ¡ 

͵۳׿ȥҲڲ۵ضյ׵ȴʲô飬ֻһ˫۾ˡ 

[ӣǻȥɡ]ȰˣֻܲĴ 

ǵ΢΢ͷʱͲȻѾվǰ԰侲ѾǵշߵߵĳնܹЦЦʣ[ΪʲôҪȥ] 

[ҡ¡] 

[ʲôأ]׺̾һ˵[ֳӦһ̡] 

[] 

۵վ̨ǰĸһ˫ۣӵصżס 

[Ҽ˾Ǹ㺦ģȻ] 

[Ҳܲ] 

ƽӣ˿ûΪٵŭ 

[飬ҵ׵ֳо֮ݣԺϡ] 

[ޣҲЩֻ֪˲㡣û㣬ôΪ㣡Ϊ˴] 

[٣]üͷ[ֻһ㣬㲻Ҫҡ] 

[] 

[ֵܣȥ˵˵] 

һǰȥ죬ӲϿ 



40 

ʰ׶ϣذ壵ҵһͷݷںҹĹޣ԰΢ӳֽڷƮҡ 

еĹϷŵλǰ湩ص粡 

ָ粱ϵϸžĽѾֻܹڼˣͬˡ 

졣 

졣 

[졭]̧ͷ֪ʲôʱѾ档 

ѾԤ˵Ľ֣һְŵĽӿʼһȫļƻ֮УԣҲҪĽ֣ҪĽΪʲôĻôʹ 

ʹ࣬ǳǳʹࡣ 

ʹģûϲ죬СʱΨһĸ硣 

˵꣬ȫ󺵣갺Ӷɵü˵סþ˸ְ취꣬ȴֻƬƬؿή׷׵¡˶˵ʱ򣬵ˡĵһ޵ģһ춯صըס߸δһǵĭ갹ӭĵһӣԼһꡣ 

ĳֻϵתʱſֵܳļ֮סǣ˶˵ӵ·갴ǰδеĸ 

ʮСС괩ż׵ӣ׺ӣĳ٣óˣһԲ飬෢ڱشţ֮䣬֮ķ绪ˣ˹ǡϵһ[崺]磬ʹ˶ڳޣ֮Ϊ֮ 

Ĺâȫסʲôڵĵܵܣ갹İ˶֪£ȴкܶ׵ֶ˵ 

ʵЩûʲôҲǱܲϳԸĸ䵭ĮӲġ 

ҪҪһͷ佱ҪһŮҪһÿһůĿǣҪһںǻһôҸ° 

ֻҪеڣ뷨ͽݳޡ 

ŮԶֻеһӴڣԼǱ·ԵһСʯӡ 

һ͵͵[]ң׽ס⡣ʱǡŮ˽ڵʮ¡ºŮ˵[Ҵ㣬Ϊ£һֳӱߣʤȴҪԣҴ˶󣻵ڶȻҪŪıӦ·Ȼ׽ţѡʱ֪Ϊǰյ˺飬뱨Ҷ˿ԻһǱ¼ȴǹ±ѵҳһôҪ۵ҪΪʲôɴ˵ľͷˣô˷һٴ˵Ҹòóͷ㣿] 

ʲôҲ˵͢ȴڱϺҪѹͷһʹˮͣشĶǵᣬ촽ҧƺѪԹŮƫģֻڻǰ룺ΪʲôͬŮĶӣ͵õԶһأ 

ǵģһŮ۹ѾּңܳΪμҡҰĺȨı뵤룬߰ؾܾЩΪܱĶŮԵģȻֻذɶ۰Լףһξϸѵߵֵ̬ģĸԵѾ 

ЩǼ׺ܾúܾԺ׵ġ 

õʲô븶ӦĴۣӹ갵͵ͬʱΪ갹ˡ 

[졭ǿġ] 

ˣǰǸļֺγȥأһеģ˭Ĵ 

һҲûˣȴôһų޵ļȥѾԣԼأӦŮģҪ¶ʲôʱʵ֣ 

̾Ϣһһνô죬ӮǸˣ㡣 

ŵλһתִס 

վ󣬲Ѫ˿ص 

˵Ŀڰнˣһ˫ˮĳξһ˫ĳҡ 

һ˲䣬ʱɳ©ֹͣˣеȫʧΧһжƮֽᦣҵƵ̣ҹеӺȫˣֻʣˡ 

ˣ롣 

緢ʲôں֣ǱöôѽȻǷ°ͺ߶ɫĺ磬ĶͷȻǽ˫üѾӡ·۾˫ļͬ갺ӵˮһε۾ȴѾʧȥɫʣȼյĻҲֻ˸о 

һڶݵĴ㵺ָ侲ٴѾȫ˿ĲƽԶ΢΢ǷǷ̬˭óǳϵء 

·İˣ䵭кӴҪ䡣״߹ʱеظܵһ㣬û϶һ£Ǿһμ뿪Ӵ߳ټ 

ټԶҲٿˣһ뵽㣬־;ʹʹûа취һ˲䣬Ȼҵĸоܷܰſһ߽ţ˳ʶȥ׽ס˼׵ 

ȻػͷĿǰûпָȴεץץĽҲֵľ 

[ſң֣] 

޷͵صͺһһǲǰ׿ʼԼȨǰһͺ뺳ݲ࣬ȫǰùҵǣķƺ˷Чָ߬ڲȥ֤ҲܹԼϱضһȦˡ 

һֻȥ⿪ֵָΪܹʹòֵľ룬ڲ֪˽ľءȻҲ֪˭˭˶һʧȥƽ⣬֮ڼӦ֮ǰѾȥ 

ʹʹ 

󱳽ӴӲĵʱܽԺֻ֣ȫĹƺһ¸ɢˣײ԰ʧǰľģ 

ģֻһźƳȻǱЮűıܵǣѸģ͵ģҪҧý̵ȥ׺ݷ 

ŷ籩ľһһͷ£ֻԼһҶСڷ˼еһ߸һֱݺ£Ȼһ˴ͽСû 

ҧס´ʹʶ΢һ㣬ʵͶעϣãȻؿΪʹŤΪҡûգֻĪı 

Ϊʲôᱯأ׾һָǱʹüģ̾[㡭ġ] 

ֵĶͣ㲵ã΢Цŵ꣬أ񡣷·עѾǧַ꣬·һֱţҲûת 

[ס] 

ſֱۣӵУΪƭѾȥģҲղˣôϽץסֱɱһ̲Ųòſ 

ԥһһеֱȦתסֵľ 

һжȥˣͷĿԽıԵϵģλ 

ڵλƸ߸ϣעǰһĻĮȻģһ 

һҹ󣬼׺ֵĹϵػ֮佥һ΢ƽ״̬ٶȰ޵¼ǧ谮һֻÿÿҹλأϲʱҲҵˡ 



41 

յ⴩͸Ʋ㣬ȵӺĽֵϡݼϣϡ 

Ϊѵõĺϵ˺ܶ࣬ЩûкɴڹսǵĿյˤӽǴĻϻŮӴȺֻЩ֮֯ĻƣһķǮЩ˼ҵСѾˡ 

ٽֵľ˺Ⱦˣ¥Ⱥ﹫̸Ц衣 

һ˺ȵðˣſڼϸŻֹʱӳŵķʻһ潣ꡣ 

[] 

ӻ̽ͷ¥Ц֡ 

ļͬ飬Ƿ׷׼ǰһһҺԼһĸɴ 

[ʲôʱģ治ȻǴк] 

ͼӵһţЦ[ҲŸսţͱǴšǼʲô] 

[Ⱦƣ] 

¥ϵ˲ʼįشСУ·˷׷ײĿ 

꾰Ըݳ˶ȥԼһںѵǰӵ֮µ˾¥ 

Ⱥ˶ӺĹӣо򵱽̫ӡƶȣλʱãҪѡһλӹ̸ӣϮ̫λã̫ӣ̫Ӽλʱã̫Ӽλմط߻ 

[ôҪҲ˸һȻһ͵͵˵òȷһ] 

ȿʷ˼ҵĹӼͷһ壬һƬк 

[˵˵ߺò棿] 

ھߵһüĿ㣬ԲԲһʡ־ҹӣûз֮ǰǲ뿪Ӻģ˵ִ̼ 

¾Ʊ˰֣[߲µطʲôģˣ޴ƣڽ˶ҲˣȵӺḻʣǺ˵˵ӺЩʲôţ] 

[Ű]ɦɦ°ͣ[Ҫ˵Ӻžǡ] 

յĸǰضС˵[ֹ] 

[ֹ]ü[ЩŮͥı޻̸֮ɣʲôʱҲЩˣ] 

[Ӵҵľɲ֪ĶԲţֹȴǺö˶ڴء㣬ײ] 

[ģ]ЩԾһĹ㣬ǹͷ˵׵ܵܣС˵嶼Ѿһˡ 

Լҧҧһµصͷ[죬ȥǶҺ˼ȥЩˡ·ҵʱҾԼԼ˶˵ֹ£ͲҼˣܵͤӺȻ󡭡ȻҾͿһɫӰӴҵƮ˳Һ£Ͱ۾ϣ۾ʱǸӰͲˡ] 

[Ǻ˾ۻɣҵҲһֱסŵ㿴Ҳأ] 

[Žֹ] 

Ȼ𾰲ŻӺҲ֪ 

[ˣ] 

ⷬŴؾˡ 

ӺĹĿУһֱһͬżĴڡŵòƮݵʣԼܳҵټʹǸἰѣĿġ 

һΣϲŰ£ڴշʢĻľеҵӲ¶һ΢ЦþþǾǿڱѩɽ۵İ˳Ⱦ߹ֹ° 

һˣȻˣһʱ޷ʵ 

ȻҲЩŹʹ 

׵Ĺ͢ΪִȥҲһر̼񾭺Ļ⡣ 

۵ǽʼתƵʱ¹ڵֲ²һ˵ΪĵܵܣǸĪָǵķ꣬Ҫȡλá 

[£ǿ׵ܵأ] 

ȻȽ˵˵ΪĽͷ˸ԡ 

Щмһˣ[׵ܵʲôϼ˺Ҷ˻أʲô³] 

[԰]Ҳ˸ͣ[Ǹм׵Ŀɲʲô˵˵ͺѲ˸ϵ] 

[Ŵĳ谮ڹΪΪ˭] 

[ҲϣΪôһ㶼ǫ̀ˣȻ˹ʦɻ󽫾ڶ²˴֪˵£ҲŲãȻ޵ȥס] 

[ߣǽ˹Ҫȥʲôڴߴţ] 

[·Ҳһͷһ] 

[һɴһ㣬ֱɱ] 

[˰ɣ裬һëǵĴҲ㶪޼ȥιʨӣ] 

Ⱥƽʱ۾ͷϵ﹫һ첻µز£Ҳʲôɣһһغ˵˵Һøлһһģһ仰˵ôҶ 

Ӽ˿Ȼ۾һ[ȥɣŻ϶ʶ㡣̫ӵݱˣ㣬ýѵѵ] 

[԰ȥ] 

[ɫƣ] 

Ψ²ҵһͬüëĳڽһ񣬷ϸ΢ 

[ãҾȥλδ°ɣ] 

˳ǵЩһЧѾԼײһЩС 



衣 

¯ڻĶ޵ƾ˼⡣һذãںĺƤϵļף΢Ц򲻻˸к[Ȳ] 

ǵĵܵܣ׵ĵһ۷ǳʧ 

ȫûһ㵤òĺۼǰ°ͼɣͫڵʵǷǳƽҲ˵ѡ 

ôҪҪ죿ɻþòɢ 

[ú] 

ʻԼǻһȵҺ塣񣬱һ΢΢мֿ࣬ȥƷƷֱЩЩ 

[ò衣] 

޵йӵܶкòߣۻʱҲƷΪ֣Ǿȴǵ˭Ƴ˺Ĳ 

ЩЦˣ[ΪඡԺӽ﷢ֵģ˺ôһѰݳζѷȻҽ㡣] 

ӦͻȻԸһɫģôʦأ 

ûü׿Цü 

[ƽͣ⡣̫ӵʵӦһԡ] 

Ѿ֪Լ̤ⶫ޵֮ǵڼеԾˡ 

[ô֪˭]ȷԼӺûйĻᡣ 

̧̧°ͣ[ǿͳҵĹһ԰ɣһΣҲ]ֵ壬ҲǾס 

޿ɱһȻ˾ȻܹסһϸСܹʱáĻûһȵϡ 

ȫȫرסˣѾĿģȻһĸо 

˳κڴͫڶϸ֪ģԼľҲˡķѩٴƺҲû˹ϵȲ裬ֱ͸굽ȥȫů 

Щԣʼ漾׸еƽҪǼܹμһЩᣬǰչ¶ɫĲŻôһи˱۷Ҳͽˡ 

[²С]գգۣһյЦݣȴŵ٩[ҵǲģҲӦ] 

ݵһϳǷ˾ţ֮ǿԼĴڣֳݳϯᣬڴͥ¹Ȼ½иԤһ㣬׺ܹ⣬ΪЩԼרɫˣĺ꾫ûʲô 

ֵȻǲᷴģľݶԣȫȻżףһľԣһռǿҵ˵ĽǶ˵Ҳϲ̫ĳߡȻûеѣĿòͻ߹ʣ¶İͼųȴܶ£ڼ׵£ֵǴûСӡ 

ҹſֵǰɢĳƽкһ 

ʶؽһͷָϣһ֣˿׷ָ⡣ 

[ˣ]һֻּڴ۸ӵķ׷ָ 

[š]ָ׽סˣЩʣתһ룬˼ҵģԼҲˣǷݷݵš 

[鷳] 

[˭鷳]ü۾ 

ҲԣСӺͲһģֻбˣķݡ 

[˵Щʲô] 

[˵㲻Ϻ˵Ļޡ]һֻֿʼڱ˵ĵϻȦȦ[ʳ¯ֹ°汾ҪҪ] 

[ҪСӣõĲѧѧ˼ҽͷ] 

[Ǩŭ] 

һֻҲݵֻУְһš 

[֡] 

[] 

[ҡǰɡ] 

[] 







ȫꡪ 





ߵĺڼ 



ڼ 

ʲô˵Үޣʲôã㿪ʼòˣҲܵõɣӷˡ 

ǡһ㲻ֺã벻߱˵ĺá 

ǣûȥдһԼȫ˵ϲǣżдͨϲԼǵһͿĵزǸ⡣ 



׵ĴҾ䣬һɭ 

дزΪ뵽ԶĵطҲȻȷô룬ôȥƻܶܶ࡭õİţһ룬ЩȫڲɫԼĿꡣеˣе£ȫϵһӣ֮СѾһ֣ļ룬֣Ҳ֪ǲҲĹΪ 

вҪΪ߾ʲôˣƪĿʼдʱʹһܶȻȻľ˳ˡдһΣһξѾںңҶ롣дʱҾ;üЩϲ 

˵̫ˣŲ㡣 

֮ϾԼһִһʱ䣨һ㣬ܶҧгݺ޲ܿģдĵʱһ붼Ӧ˵ʲôʲô£ʲôʲôܡʹģΪܱдĲܶؼĵطȥ룬뵽ԼĶڳʹ˲žùءһ·дȻϲҲʱҲñǸʱͿʼƻдһƪƽģ˵˵Ρ 

֪ǲǰд̫һԵʣȻҶͬģν͵ñһ꾡աְ߲ 



뷨׵Ը൱ģô£ֻΪ˱𣬵ȴŮӲġֻζɶŮĳŵѡҪԼ뷨¸Ӵ˵ƽգ鿴ںӱͻȻԵáҲд˾ŮĸѽжӲﱨĵΪģڲͬ¶ͬ¼뷨ǲһµġʱսҷ硵ʱͳһУ߸һ˶Ĭ˵ʵΪŮּ˵ľνûбѪʵ̬ѾллˣνĸӼԵʣʵֵȶҲô˵ֲûֱɱŮӾ϶ûиǿҵĳ˵һ㣬»ûоʹࡣ˼׾ôˣҺû޼ô裩ɳǵԺıֻܲͬҲɼͣҲЩǶˡ 

ȣ˵ 

мƿʱʵ޷дһκõ֣ö3P룬ֵ֮Ļ 

ҪˡȻҶֵҲȽȤǵͼף붼ûֿԡˣӿʼΪһìܴڵģ֮䣬ѪԵ޿Թĵط챣ףĸ׵УڼױǺĮӵġ׵ĳеݣԸûܷչĸ顣 

ѵû˾ü׻ᰮƲҺ޲˵ʵǸܺõˡݣ磬Ӧβϧľ״СͿ˹ذֵΪѵһ㶼򶯲ӦʧŶԡ 

ܶ˲ϲ֣ż´дƽ 



-˵ģݹڵ 



һʼֻǸͨĽɫ汳֣趨ʱ˳µؾˡ 

˭֪һдȴֵ첢򵥣İԹķ绪ۡö˵ϲҪ3Pͷȥ趨赨սľҪ֪챻дˣżС 

ôܲܲأ⣬붼û룬ֻһ𰸣ɣɡҪʵһת֮ۡ⣬ӵ챾ԣձȻĽ֡ 

ˣߡ󡢹⻪ˣԭĻ˵ǡġ֪˻Сԡˡ 

갹δ֮ǰ˵Ǽǧ谮һĸòͲŻͬڸáȣֻǺܲ۵һɰʲô 

һҹ֮ƱãûˣĸҲˣλףҪԶӼ֮£ҪζñססЩ첢ںصĲЩֻĵʱû뵽һӦԡ 

ʵ컹ɰõĵطԸһ棬ԴԱģҲҽӱܡ˺ܴĴȥȫףҲ֪װɵȴʲôҲûֻǸӣиҪҪȥֵܲɱˣЩվڼ׵ȥģվڵϣЩʵǶĲƽҲȥ룬ֻ֧һӦŮ¡ԺҪҪͼѵܹдױʱŵףԵĽºôܻףֻõˡ 

д˵Ϊʲôᰮ֡żش𰮾ǰˣûɵġż±⡣ 

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